AlShezawi Ibrahim A, Rawwad Tamara H Al, Aldirawi Ali A, Alwawi Abdallah A, Fazari Humoud S Al, Shah Azmat H
Nursing Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Suhar, Oman.
Department of Social Work, School of Applied Humanities and Social Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 25;16:1597274. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1597274. eCollection 2025.
Self-efficacy is critical for diabetic patients' adherence to self-management behaviors, including medication compliance, diet modification, physical activity, and blood glucose monitoring.
This study assessed diabetes self-efficacy and glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman and identified determinants influencing glycemic regulation.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2023. Stratified cluster sampling was used to ensure regional representation. The governorate was divided into urban, suburban, and rural strata, from which 30 health institutions were randomly selected. This method allowed practical data collection and enhanced the reliability and generalizability of results. 225 adult T2DM patients were recruited from seven clinics and public hospitals in Oman. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, haemoglobin A1c levels, and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6 Scale, a validated tool measuring patients' confidence in managing aspects of their chronic illness, including symptoms, treatment, and emotional distress. Inclusion criteria: adults aged 18 or older, clinically diagnosed with T2DM within the last year, and able to read Arabic. Exclusion criteria: individuals who declined participation, had severe physical illness at the time of the study, or psychological disorders. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 29; multiple linear regression identified predictors of glycemic control.
Nearly half of the patients were aged 51-70 years, most were married, and over half were female. Approximately 50% had diabetes for over a decade. The mean hemoglobin A1c was 8.23 ± 2.08, indicating moderate glycemic control, while the mean self-efficacy score was 29.99 ± 11.41 out of 60 with cut-off point 30, suggesting low self-efficacy. Significant differences in glycemic control were observed by age ( = 0.015) and marital status ( = 0.025). Additionally, patients on both oral medications and insulin had poorer control (< 0.001), whereas those with additional chronic diseases showed better control ( = 0.049).
Low self-efficacy may contribute to inadequate glycemic control, while patients with comorbid conditions achieved better control, possibly due to heightened health vigilance and adherence. Research helps clarify these associations and informs interventions to enhance diabetes management.
自我效能对于糖尿病患者坚持自我管理行为至关重要，这些行为包括药物依从性、饮食调整、体育活动和血糖监测。
本研究评估了阿曼成年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的糖尿病自我效能和血糖控制情况，并确定了影响血糖调节的决定因素。
于2023年8月至10月进行了一项横断面研究。采用分层整群抽样以确保区域代表性。该省被分为城市、郊区和农村层，从中随机选择了30个卫生机构。这种方法便于实际数据收集，并提高了结果的可靠性和普遍性。从阿曼七个诊所和公立医院招募了22名成年T2DM患者。通过一份自填式问卷收集数据，问卷包括社会人口统计学、临床特征、糖化血红蛋白水平以及慢性病自我管理效能6量表，这是一种经过验证的工具，用于测量患者对管理其慢性病各个方面（包括症状、治疗和情绪困扰）的信心。纳入标准：年龄在18岁及以上的成年人，在过去一年内临床诊断为T2DM，并且能够阅读阿拉伯语。排除标准：拒绝参与的个体、在研究时患有严重身体疾病或患有心理障碍的个体。使用SPSS 29版进行统计分析；多元线性回归确定了血糖控制的预测因素。
近一半患者年龄在51 - 岁之间，大多数已婚，超过一半为女性。约50%的患者患有糖尿病超过十年。糖化血红蛋白的平均水平为8.23±2.08，表明血糖控制中等，而自我效能平均得分为60分中的29.99±11.41，临界值为30分，表明自我效能较低。在血糖控制方面，年龄（=0.015）和婚姻状况（=0.025）存在显著差异。此外，同时服用口服药物和胰岛素的患者控制较差（<0.001），而患有其他慢性病的患者控制较好（=0.049）。
自我效能较低可能导致血糖控制不佳，而患有合并症的患者控制较好，这可能是由于健康警惕性和依从性提高所致。该研究有助于阐明这些关联，并为加强糖尿病管理的干预措施提供依据。
