Guo Yan, Lu Zhong-Sheng, Zhang Xue-Cheng, Zhang Qiang, Liu Xiao, Chen Jie, Zhang Meng-Lan
Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China.
Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jul 22;11:1433640. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1433640. eCollection 2024.
Altitude illness has serious effects on individuals who are not adequately acclimatized to high-altitude areas and may even lead to death. However, the individualized mechanisms of onset and preventive measures are not fully elucidated at present, especially the relationship between altitude illness and elements, which requires further in-depth research.
Fresh serum samples were collected from individuals who underwent health examinations at the two hospitals in Xining and Sanya between November 2021 and December 2021. The blood zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) concentrations, as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) concentrations, were measured. This study conducted effective sample size estimation, repeated experiments, and used GraphPad Prism 9.0 and IBM SPSS version 19.0 software for comparative analysis of differences in the expression of elements and HIF-1α among different ethnic groups, altitudes, and concentration groups. Linear regression and multiple linear regression were employed to explore the relationships among elements and their correlation with HIF-1α.
This study included a total of 400 participants. The results from the repeated measurements indicated that the consistency of the laboratory test results was satisfactory. In terms of altitude differences, except for Fe ( = 0.767), which did not show significant variance between low and high altitude regions, Zn, Ca, and HIF-1α elements all exhibited notable differences between these areas ( < 0.0001, = 0.004, and < 0.0001). When grouping by the concentrations of elements and HIF-1α, the results revealed significant variations in the distribution of zinc among different levels of iron and HIF-1α ( < 0.05). The outcomes of the linear regression analysis demonstrated that calcium and zinc, iron and HIF-1α, calcium and HIF-1α, and zinc and HIF-1α displayed substantial overall explanatory power across different subgroups ( < 0.05). Finally, the results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that within the high-altitude population, the Li ethnic group in Sanya, and the Han ethnic group in Sanya, the multiple linear regression model with HIF-1αas the dependent variable and elements as the independent variables exhibited noteworthy overall explanatory power ( < 0.05).
The levels of typical elements and HIF-1α in the blood differ among various altitudes and ethnic groups, and these distinctions may be linked to the occurrence and progression of high-altitude illness.
高原病对未充分适应高海拔地区的个体有严重影响，甚至可能导致死亡。然而，目前发病的个体机制和预防措施尚未完全阐明，尤其是高原病与元素之间的关系，需要进一步深入研究。
于2021年11月至2021年12月期间，从西宁和三亚两家医院接受健康检查的个体中采集新鲜血清样本。测量血锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）浓度以及缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）浓度。本研究进行了有效样本量估计、重复实验，并使用GraphPad Prism 9.0和IBM SPSS 19.0版软件对不同种族、海拔和浓度组之间元素及HIF-1α表达的差异进行比较分析。采用线性回归和多重线性回归来探索元素之间的关系及其与HIF-1α的相关性。
本研究共纳入400名参与者。重复测量结果表明实验室检测结果的一致性良好。在海拔差异方面，除Fe（ = 0.767）在低海拔和高海拔地区之间未显示出显著差异外，Zn、Ca和HIF-1α元素在这些地区均表现出显著差异（ < 0.0001， = 0.004， < 0.0001）。按元素和HIF-1α浓度分组时，结果显示不同铁和HIF-1α水平下锌的分布存在显著差异（ < 0.05）。线性回归分析结果表明，钙与锌、铁与HIF-1α、钙与HIF-1α以及锌与HIF-1α在不同亚组中均具有显著的总体解释力（ < 0.05）。最后，多重线性回归分析结果表明，在高海拔人群、三亚黎族人群和三亚汉族人群中，以HIF-1α为因变量、元素为自变量的多重线性回归模型具有显著的总体解释力（ < 0.05）。
不同海拔和种族的血液中典型元素及HIF-1α水平存在差异，这些差异可能与高原病的发生和发展有关。
