Lavalle Salvatore, Masiello Edoardo, Valerio Maria Rosaria, Aliprandi Alberto, Scandurra Giuseppa, Gebbia Vittorio, Sambataro Daniela
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, I-94100 Enna, Italy.
Radiology Unit, University Vita e Salute, Institute San Raffaele, I-20132 Milan, Italy.
Exp Ther Med. 2024 Jul 30;28(4):381. doi: 10.3892/etm.2024.12670. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing the immune response against tumor cells. However, their influence on immune pathways can lead to immune-related adverse events such as pneumonitis, necessitating rapid diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications. These adverse events arise from the activation of the immune system by immunotherapeutic drugs, leading to immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage in various organs and tissues throughout the body. The present review article discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities and management strategies for ICI-related pneumonitis, emphasizing early recognition and tailored interventions. Future research endeavors should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of pneumonitis and identifying predictive biomarkers to guide personalized treatment strategies in this evolving field of oncology.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）疗法通过增强针对肿瘤细胞的免疫反应，彻底改变了癌症治疗方式。然而，它们对免疫途径的影响可能导致免疫相关不良事件，如肺炎，因此需要快速诊断和管理以预防严重并发症。这些不良事件是由免疫治疗药物激活免疫系统引起的，导致全身各器官和组织发生免疫介导的炎症和组织损伤。本综述文章讨论了ICI相关肺炎的病理生理学、临床表现、诊断方法和管理策略，强调早期识别和个性化干预。未来的研究应致力于阐明肺炎的潜在机制，并确定预测性生物标志物，以指导肿瘤学这一不断发展领域的个性化治疗策略。
