Okobi Tobechukwu J, Uhomoibhi Trinitas Oserefuamen, Akahara Darlington E, Odoma Victor A, Sanusi Ibilola A, Okobi Okelue E, Umana Ifiok, Okobi Emeka, Okonkwo Chinwe C, Harry Nkechinyere M
Internal Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, New York, USA.
Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Cureus. 2023 Jun 6;15(6):e40031. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40031. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Bladder cancer is a prevalent disease, and treatment options for advanced bladder cancer remain limited. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have shown promise in treating bladder cancer. These drugs work by blocking receptors and ligands, disrupting signaling, and allowing T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. ICIs have been found to be effective in treating bladder cancer, especially in cases of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) that have progressed after chemotherapy. Furthermore, combination therapy with ICIs and chemotherapy or radiation therapy has shown promise in treating bladder cancer. While there are challenges associated with ICIs, including adverse effects, immune-related adverse events, and lack of efficacy in some patients, they remain a promising option for bladder cancer treatment, especially in cases where other treatment options have failed. This review paper focuses on the current role, challenges, and future trends of immunotherapy in the management of bladder cancer.
膀胱癌是一种常见疾病，晚期膀胱癌的治疗选择仍然有限。然而，靶向细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）和程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）的免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）在治疗膀胱癌方面已显示出前景。这些药物通过阻断受体和配体、破坏信号传导，并使T细胞能够识别和攻击癌细胞来发挥作用。已发现ICI在治疗膀胱癌方面有效，尤其是在化疗后进展的转移性尿路上皮癌（UC）病例中。此外，ICI与化疗或放射治疗的联合疗法在治疗膀胱癌方面也显示出前景。虽然ICI存在一些挑战，包括不良反应、免疫相关不良事件以及在某些患者中缺乏疗效，但它们仍然是膀胱癌治疗的一个有前景的选择，特别是在其他治疗选择失败的情况下。这篇综述文章重点关注免疫疗法在膀胱癌管理中的当前作用、挑战和未来趋势。
