Ikayaja Eunice O, Babalola Gideon A, Zabbey Nenibarini, Arimoro Francis O
Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Department of Library and Information Science, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 14;10(14):e34606. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34606. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
This study evaluated the impact of pesticide application through agricultural activities in Chanchaga River, Nigeria, using macroinvertebrate data sets obtained for six months (September 2021-February 2022). Four (4) stations, characterized by various agricultural activities, were sampled along the river. Analysis of the water samples for organochlorine pesticide residues (OCP) using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) at the peak of the two seasons revealed a high concentration of eleven isomers of organochlorine, which ranged from 0.01 to 0.81 μg/L, and a mean concentration that was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, and the European Union. The mean concentration of detected OCP was recorded as DDT (0.72 μg/L), Dieldrin (0.59 μg/L), Paraquat (0.54 μg/L), Aldrin (0.49 μg/L), Metribuzin (0.48 μg/L), Butachlor (0.47 μg/L), Alachlor (0.28 μg/L), Atrazine (0.23 μg/L), Phenol (0.10 μg/L), Endrin (0.09 μg/L), and Benzene (0.08 μg/L). Atrazine, alachlor, metribuzin, aldrin, phenol, and endrin showed significant differences across the two seasons (p < 0.05), while dieldrin, butachlor, paraquat, benzene, and DDT showed no significant differences across the two seasons (p > 0.05). A total of 622 macroinvertebrate individuals from 19 species in 18 families from 8 orders were collected. More individuals were collected during the dry season (58.17 %) and the wet season (41.83 %). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordination revealed a strong relationship between species abundance and some organochlorine pesticide residues such as DDT, endrin, metribuzin, atrazine, benzene, and dieldrin. The response of macroinvertebrates to OCP indicates that Chanchaga River is a disturbed river, and the indicator organisms (Lestes sp., Coenagrion sp., Zyxomma sp., Appasus sp., Chironomus sp., Lymnaea natalensis, and Caridina nililotica) can also be used for further biomonitoring.
本研究利用2021年9月至2022年2月六个月期间获取的大型无脊椎动物数据集，评估了尼日利亚钱查加河农业活动中农药施用的影响。沿该河对四个以不同农业活动为特征的站点进行了采样。在两个季节的高峰期，使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC/MS）对水样中的有机氯农药残留（OCP）进行分析，结果显示有11种有机氯异构体浓度较高，范围为0.01至0.81μg/L，平均浓度高于世界卫生组织、联邦环境保护局和欧盟设定的国际饮用水标准。检测到的OCP平均浓度记录如下：滴滴涕（0.72μg/L）、狄氏剂（0.59μg/L）、百草枯（0.54μg/L）、艾氏剂（0.49μg/L）、嗪草酮（0.48μg/L）、丁草胺（0.47μg/L）、甲草胺（0.28μg/L）、莠去津（0.23μg/L）、苯酚（0.10μg/L）、异狄氏剂（0.09μg/L）和苯（0.08μg/L）。莠去津、甲草胺、嗪草酮、艾氏剂、苯酚和异狄氏剂在两个季节间存在显著差异（p < 0.05），而狄氏剂、丁草胺、百草枯、苯和滴滴涕在两个季节间无显著差异（p > 0.05）。共采集到来自8目18科19种的622个大型无脊椎动物个体。旱季采集到的个体更多（58.17%），雨季采集到的个体占比为41.83%。典范对应分析（CCA）排序显示物种丰度与一些有机氯农药残留之间存在很强的关系，如滴滴涕、异狄氏剂、嗪草酮、莠去津、苯和狄氏剂。大型无脊椎动物对OCP的反应表明钱查加河是一条受到干扰的河流，指示生物（Lestes sp.、Coenagrion sp.、Zyxomma sp.、Appasus sp.、Chironomus sp.、Lymnaea natalensis和Caridina nililotica）也可用于进一步的生物监测。
