Els Fiona, Kleynhans Jackie, Wolter Nicole, du Plessis Mignon, Moosa Fahima, Tempia Stefano, Makhasi Mvuyo, Nel Jeremy, Dawood Halima, Meiring Susan, von Gottberg Anne, Cohen Cheryl, Walaza Sibongile
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme (SAFETP), Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response (DPHSR), National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
S Afr J Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 26;39(1):574. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v39i1.574. eCollection 2024.
Comparisons of the characteristics of individuals hospitalised with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or seasonal influenza in low-to middle-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence are limited.
Determine the epidemiological differences with those hospitalised with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.
We investigated hospitalised individuals ≥18 years of age testing positive for seasonal influenza (2016-2019) or SARS-CoV-2 (2020-2021). We used random effects multivariable logistic regression, controlling for clustering by site, to evaluate differences among adults hospitalised with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Compared to individuals with influenza, individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to be diabetic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.61) or die in hospital (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.61-4.12). Additionally, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection were less likely to be living with HIV (not immunosuppressed) (aOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.73) or living with HIV (immunosuppressed) (aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.18-0.39) compared to not living with HIV and less likely to be asthmatic (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13-0.33) rather than those living with influenza.
Individuals hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 had different characteristics to individuals hospitalised with influenza before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Risk factors should be considered in health management especially as we move into an era of co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza pathogens.
Identifying groups at high risk of severe disease could help to better monitor, prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 or influenza severe disease.
在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）高流行的低收入和中等收入国家，对因严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）或季节性流感住院的个体特征进行比较的研究有限。
确定与因流感或SARS-CoV-2感染住院的患者在流行病学上的差异。
我们调查了年龄≥18岁、季节性流感（2016 - 2019年）检测呈阳性或SARS-CoV-2（2020 - 2021年）检测呈阳性的住院患者。我们使用随机效应多变量逻辑回归，并对站点聚类进行控制，以评估因流感或SARS-CoV-2感染住院的成年人之间的差异。
与流感患者相比，SARS-CoV-2感染患者患糖尿病的可能性更高（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.70，95%置信区间[CI]：1.11 - 2.61）或在医院死亡的可能性更高（aOR：2.57，95% CI：1.61 - 4.12）。此外，与未感染HIV的患者相比，SARS-CoV-2感染患者感染HIV（未免疫抑制）的可能性更低（aOR：0.50，95% CI：0.34 - 0.73）或感染HIV（免疫抑制）的可能性更低（aOR：0.27，95% CI：0.18 - 0.39），且患哮喘的可能性低于流感患者（aOR：0.21，95% CI：0.13 - 0.33）。
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行之前，因SARS-CoV-2住院的个体与因流感住院的个体具有不同特征。在健康管理中应考虑风险因素，尤其是在我们进入SARS-CoV-2和流感病原体共同流行的时代。
识别重症高风险人群有助于更好地监测、预防和控制SARS-CoV-2或流感重症。
