Imoto Yoshimasa, Sakashita Masafumi, Tokunaga Takahiro, Kanno Masafumi, Saito Kyoko, Shimizu Anna, Maegawa Ayako, Fujieda Shigeharu
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, Japan.
World Allergy Organ J. 2024 Jul 17;17(7):100932. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100932. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated type I allergic chronic nasal disease common among all age groups, including the pediatric population. House dust mites (HDMs) are globally ubiquitous and the most important indoor aeroallergen. However, the recent prevalence of HDM-caused AR (AR-HDM) in Japan remains unknown, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of AR-HDM, its clinical features, and the current status of medical examinations in elementary school students.
A survey of 41,000 elementary school students was conducted during July 2021 in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire that examined allergic disease history and clinical background.
A total of 17,974 subjects were analyzed in the study. The results showed that the current prevalence of AR-HDM in elementary school children is 18.8%. We found that AR-HDM had already developed before entrance into elementary school in 68.3% of affected subjects. Among these subjects, 82.3% had received some form of treatment, such as prescription medications, whereas 4.2% were treated by allergen immunotherapy. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the onset of AR-HDM revealed that male sex, being the first-born child, comorbidity of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and allergic conjunctivitis are associated with development of AR-HDM.
The present study revealed the prevalence of AR-HDM in elementary school children. The results emphasize the importance of appropriate diagnosis and treatment from infancy through early childhood.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种由IgE介导的I型变应性慢性鼻病，在包括儿童群体在内的所有年龄组中都很常见。屋尘螨（HDM）在全球普遍存在，是最重要的室内空气变应原。然而，日本近期由HDM引起的AR（AR-HDM）的患病率仍不清楚，尤其是在新冠疫情之后。
本研究的目的是调查小学生中AR-HDM的当前患病率、其临床特征以及医学检查的现状。
2021年7月在日本福井县对41000名小学生进行了一项调查。要求家长填写一份调查问卷，调查变应性疾病史和临床背景。
本研究共分析了17974名受试者。结果显示，小学生中AR-HDM的当前患病率为18.8%。我们发现，68.3%的受影响受试者在进入小学之前就已经患上了AR-HDM。在这些受试者中，82.3%接受了某种形式的治疗，如处方药，而4.2%接受了变应原免疫治疗。对AR-HDM发病情况的多因素logistic回归分析显示，男性、头胎、合并支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、食物过敏和变应性结膜炎与AR-HDM的发生有关。
本研究揭示了小学生中AR-HDM的患病率。结果强调了从婴儿期到幼儿期进行适当诊断和治疗的重要性。
