Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Exp Dermatol. 2024 Aug;33(8):e15158. doi: 10.1111/exd.15158.
S100 proteins comprise a family of structurally related proteins that are calcium-sensitive. S100 proteins have been found to play various roles in regulation of cell apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell migration and invasion, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, protein phosphorylation, anti-microbial activity and inflammation in a variety of cell types. While the specific function of many S100 proteins remains unknown, some of the S100 proteins serve as disease biomarkers as well as possible therapeutic targets in skin diseases. Interface dermatitis (ID) is a histopathological term that covers many different skin conditions including cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, and dermatomyositis. These pathologies share similar histological features, which include basal cell vacuolization and lymphocytic infiltration at the dermal-epidermal junction. In this review, we summarize how the S100 protein family contributes to both homeostatic and inflammatory processes in the skin. We also highlight the role of S100 proteins in neuronal signalling, describing how this might contribute to neuroimmune interactions in ID and other skin pathologies. Last, we discuss what is known about the S100 family proteins as both biomarkers and potential treatment targets in specific pathologies.
S100 蛋白家族由结构相关的钙敏感性蛋白组成。S100 蛋白在调节细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和分化、细胞迁移和侵袭、能量代谢、钙稳态、蛋白质磷酸化、抗菌活性和炎症等多种细胞类型中发挥着各种作用。虽然许多 S100 蛋白的具体功能尚不清楚，但其中一些 S100 蛋白作为疾病生物标志物以及皮肤病的潜在治疗靶点。界面性皮炎 (ID) 是一个组织病理学术语，涵盖了许多不同的皮肤状况，包括盘状红斑狼疮、扁平苔藓和皮肌炎。这些病理学具有相似的组织学特征，包括基底层细胞空泡化和真皮表皮交界处的淋巴细胞浸润。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 S100 蛋白家族如何促进皮肤的稳态和炎症过程。我们还强调了 S100 蛋白在神经元信号传递中的作用，描述了这如何有助于 ID 和其他皮肤病理学中的神经免疫相互作用。最后，我们讨论了 S100 家族蛋白作为特定病理学中的生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的已知情况。
