Shuang Yang, Waris Muhammad, Nawaz Muhammad Kashif, Chan Cheng, Younis Ijaz
Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Henan, Xinyang, China.
School of Business, University of Education Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 8;19(8):e0301829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301829. eCollection 2024.
Economic welfare is essential in the modern economy since it directly reflects the standard of living, distribution of resources, and general social satisfaction, which influences individual and social well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between national income accounting different attributes and the economic welfare in Pakistan. However, this study used data from 1950 to 2022, and data was downloaded from the World Bank data portal. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between them and is very effective in measuring the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Moreover, generalized methods of movement (GMM) are used as the robustness of the regression. Our results show that foreign direct investment outflow, Gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, higher Interest, market capitalization, and population growth have a significant negative on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to a decrease in the employment rate in Pakistan. Trade and savings have a significant positive impact on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to an increase in the unemployment rate for various reasons. Moreover, all the factors of national income accounting have a significant positive relationship with life expectancy, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in economic welfare and life expectancy due to better health facilities, many resources, and correct economic policies. However, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, lending interest rate, and population growth have significant positive effects on age dependency, indicating these factors increase the age dependency. Moreover, GDP growth and GDP per capita negatively impact age dependency. Similarly, all the national income accounting factors have a significant negative relationship with legal rights that leads to decreased legal rights. Moreover, due to better health facilities and health planning, there is a negative significant relationship between national income accounting attributes and motility rate among children. Our study advocated the implications for the policymakers and the government to make policies for the welfare and increase the social factors.
经济福利在现代经济中至关重要，因为它直接反映了生活水平、资源分配和总体社会满意度，而这些又会影响个人和社会福祉。本研究旨在探讨巴基斯坦国民收入核算的不同属性与经济福利之间的关系。然而，本研究使用了1950年至2022年的数据，这些数据是从世界银行数据门户网站下载的。回归分析用于研究它们之间的关系，并且在测量内生变量和外生变量之间的关系方面非常有效。此外，使用广义矩方法（GMM）来检验回归的稳健性。我们的结果表明，外国直接投资流出、国内生产总值增长率、人均国内生产总值、较高的利率、市值和人口增长对失业率有显著的负面影响，这表明这些因素的上升会导致巴基斯坦就业率下降。贸易和储蓄对失业率有显著的正向影响，这表明这些因素的上升会由于各种原因导致失业率上升。此外，国民收入核算的所有因素与预期寿命都有显著的正相关关系，这表明这些因素的增加会由于更好的医疗设施、更多的资源和正确的经济政策而导致经济福利和预期寿命的增加。然而，外国直接投资、通货膨胀率、贷款利率和人口增长对抚养比有显著的正向影响，这表明这些因素会增加抚养比。同样，国内生产总值增长和人均国内生产总值对抚养比有负面影响。此外，所有国民收入核算因素与法定权利都有显著的负相关关系，这会导致法定权利下降。此外，由于更好的医疗设施和健康规划，国民收入核算属性与儿童活动率之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们的研究主张为政策制定者和政府提供启示，以便制定福利政策并增加社会因素。
