Nyawose Zingisa Z, Naidoo Rowena, Christie Candice, Bassett Susan, Coetzee Dané, van Gent Maya, Monyeki Andries, Gradidge Philippe, Janse van Rensburg Christa, Cozett Colleen, Young Marie, Slemming Wiedaad, Morrow Lumé, Pienaar Anita, Krog Soezin, Walter Cheryl, Kholvadia Aayesha, De Milander Monique, Naidoo Niri, Lambert Estelle V
Department of Sport Studies, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
J Phys Act Health. 2024 Aug 8;21(9):861-871. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0708. Print 2024 Sep 1.
Physical activity (PA) and nutrition in children have an impact on overall physical and mental well-being, cognitive, and social development. This study aims to report on the best current available evidence on PA, body composition proxies, and nutritional status of South African children and adolescents, based on the published findings between 2018 and 2022, which comprise the 2022 Healthy Active Kids South Africa Report Card.
A comprehensive literature search of online databases, along with hand searching and a gray literature search, was conducted based on PA, body composition proxies, and nutrition indicators defined, in part, by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance.
Compared with the 2018 report card, there was an improvement in the majority of PA indicators which include overall PA (B-), active transportation (B-), physical fitness (B-), and government policy and programs (C). Body composition proxies and most of the nutrition indicators remained unchanged. The indicators that regressed from 2018 to 2022 included community and environmental influences (D), as well as participation in organized sport (D-).
Despite the apparent improvement in overall PA levels in children and adolescents, there is a lack of tangible evidence of actual implementation of policies and programs. There was also a lack of nationally representative data for most indicators. Overall, there is a need to identify intersectoral, equitable approaches for promoting PA and healthy eating in South African children and adolescents and ongoing monitoring and surveillance.
儿童的身体活动（PA）和营养状况会对其整体身心健康、认知及社会发展产生影响。本研究旨在依据2018年至2022年间发表的研究结果，汇报有关南非儿童及青少年的身体活动、身体成分指标及营养状况的当前最佳现有证据，这些结果构成了《2022年南非健康活跃儿童报告卡》。
基于全球健康活跃儿童联盟部分定义的身体活动、身体成分指标及营养指标，对在线数据库进行了全面的文献检索，并辅以手工检索和灰色文献检索。
与2018年的报告卡相比，大多数身体活动指标有所改善，包括总体身体活动（B-）、积极出行（B-）、身体素质（B-）以及政府政策与项目（C）。身体成分指标和大多数营养指标保持不变。2018年至2022年期间呈下降趋势的指标包括社区及环境影响（D）以及参与有组织体育活动（D-）。
尽管儿童和青少年的总体身体活动水平明显提高，但缺乏政策和项目实际实施的切实证据。大多数指标也缺乏全国代表性数据。总体而言，需要确定跨部门、公平的方法来促进南非儿童和青少年的身体活动及健康饮食，并持续进行监测和监督。
