Ansari-Thomas Zohra
University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center & Department of Sociology, 239 McNeil Building, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 USA.
J Comp Fam Stud. 2022;53(3):331-355. doi: 10.3138/jcfs.53.3.030.
Prior research shows links between the timing of migration and family formation, particularly childbearing, among Hispanic immigrants in the United States, with implications for women's socioeconomic well-being. However, temporal connections between migration and union formation, particularly non-marital cohabiting unions, remain underexplored. As cohabiting unions have long coexisted with marriage in parts of Latin America, this omission may be particularly misrepresentative of the family formation strategies of Hispanic immigrants. Drawing on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (2011-2017), I examined the association between the timing of migration and entry into first marital or non-marital (cohabiting) union, treating marriage and cohabitation as competing events for first union type. Among women whose first union was non-marital, I also examined the relationship between migration and the likelihood of transitioning out of the non-marital union, either through marriage or union dissolution. Results showed that marriage formation was high the year of migration, and increased again only after 6 years post-migration, whereas cohabitation was high the year of migration and continued to increase with each period following migration. Furthermore, non-marital unions formed prior to migration were likely to transition to marriage or dissolve, while those formed after migration were likely to remain non-marital. These findings point to distinctions in the types of partnerships formed before and after migration and to the salience of non-marital unions for women who migrate unpartnered, demonstrating the need for further research on the socioeconomic integration and well-being of unmarried or cohabiting immigrant women, and the dynamic connections between migration, gender, and family.
先前的研究表明，在美国的西班牙裔移民中，移民时间与家庭组建，尤其是生育之间存在联系，这对女性的社会经济福祉具有影响。然而，移民与伴侣关系形成，尤其是非婚姻同居伴侣关系之间的时间联系仍未得到充分探索。由于同居伴侣关系在拉丁美洲部分地区长期与婚姻并存，这种遗漏可能特别不能代表西班牙裔移民的家庭组建策略。利用全国家庭成长调查（2011 - 2017年）的数据，我研究了移民时间与首次进入婚姻或非婚姻（同居）伴侣关系之间的关联，将婚姻和同居视为首次伴侣关系类型的竞争事件。在首次伴侣关系为非婚姻关系的女性中，我还研究了移民与通过结婚或解除伴侣关系从非婚姻伴侣关系中转变出来的可能性之间的关系。结果表明，婚姻组建在移民当年很高，并且仅在移民后6年才再次增加，而同居在移民当年很高，并在移民后的每个时期持续增加。此外，移民前形成的非婚姻伴侣关系可能会转变为婚姻或解除，而移民后形成的非婚姻伴侣关系可能会保持非婚姻状态。这些发现指出了移民前后形成的伴侣关系类型的差异，以及非婚姻伴侣关系对无伴侣移民女性的重要性，表明需要进一步研究未婚或同居移民女性的社会经济融合与福祉，以及移民、性别和家庭之间的动态联系。
