Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2024 Oct;204:112409. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112409. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
Performance monitoring has been widely studied during different forced-choice response tasks. Participants typically show longer response times (RTs) and increased accuracy following errors, but there are inconsistencies regarding the connection between error-related event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavior, such as RT and accuracy. The specific task in any given study could contribute to these inconsistencies, as different tasks may require distinct cognitive processes that impact ERP-behavior relationships. The present study sought to determine whether task moderates ERP-behavior relationships and whether these relationships are robustly observed when tasks and stimuli are treated as random effects. ERPs and behavioral indices (RTs and accuracy) recorded during flanker, Stroop, and Go/Nogo tasks from 180 people demonstrated a task-specific effect on ERP-behavior relationships, such that larger previous-trial error-related negativity (ERN) predicted longer RTs and greater likelihood of a correct response on subsequent trials during flanker and Stroop tasks but not during Go/Nogo task. Additionally, larger previous-trial error positivity (Pe) predicted faster RTs and smaller variances of RTs on subsequent trials for Stroop and Go/Nogo tasks but not for flanker task. When tasks and stimuli were treated as random effects, ERP-behavior relationships were not observed. These findings support the need to consider the task used for recording performance monitoring measures when interpreting results across studies.
在不同的强制选择反应任务中，已经广泛研究了绩效监测。参与者通常在犯错后表现出更长的反应时间 (RT) 和更高的准确性，但错误相关事件相关脑电位 (ERP) 与行为（如 RT 和准确性）之间的联系存在不一致。任何特定研究中的特定任务都可能导致这些不一致，因为不同的任务可能需要不同的认知过程，从而影响 ERP-行为关系。本研究旨在确定任务是否调节 ERP-行为关系，以及当任务和刺激被视为随机效应时，这些关系是否稳健地观察到。在来自 180 人的侧抑制、Stroop 和 Go/Nogo 任务中记录的 ERP 和行为指标（RT 和准确性）表现出对 ERP-行为关系的特定任务影响，例如，在侧抑制和 Stroop 任务中，前一次试验的错误相关负性 (ERN) 越大，预测随后试验的 RT 越长，正确反应的可能性越大，但在 Go/Nogo 任务中则不然。此外，在前一次试验中，错误正性 (Pe) 越大，预测 Stroop 和 Go/Nogo 任务中随后试验的 RT 越快，RT 的方差越小，但在侧抑制任务中则不然。当任务和刺激被视为随机效应时，没有观察到 ERP-行为关系。这些发现支持在解释跨研究结果时，需要考虑用于记录绩效监测措施的任务。
