Sławińska Natalia, Żuchowski Jerzy, Stochmal Anna, Olas Beata
Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Foods. 2024 Jul 29;13(15):2400. doi: 10.3390/foods13152400.
Sea buckthorn ( L.) is a tree or shrub with small, orange berries. Sea buckthorn seeds have shown many properties beneficial to human health, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and retinoprotective activities. Seeds, as a component of food, are often exposed to high temperatures, which can increase or decrease their biological activity. In our previous study, we showed that both raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds had significant antioxidant activity, which was measured in human plasma in vitro. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of extracts from raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds on several parameters of hemostasis in vitro, including thrombus formation in full blood (measured by the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System-T-TAS), blood platelet activation (based on the exposition of P-selectin, the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on their surface and platelet-derived microparticles formation), aggregation (measured with impedance aggregometry), adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen, arachidonic acid metabolism in washed platelets stimulated by thrombin, and COX-1 activity. We also measured the levels of free 8-isoprostane in plasma and the total non-enzymatic antioxidant status of plasma. The extract from roasted seeds (50 µg/mL) significantly prolonged the time of occlusion measured by T-TAS-the AUC (area under the curve) value was decreased by approximately 18%. Both extracts decreased the exposition of the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on the surface of platelets activated with 10 μM ADP (by 38.4-62.2%) and 20 μM ADP (by 39.7-51.3%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds decreased the exposition of P-selectin on the surface of platelets stimulated with 20 μM ADP (by 31.2-34.9%). The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to fibrinogen and collagen was inhibited only by the extract from roasted sea buckthorn seeds (by 20-30%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds inhibited the level of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid) in washed platelets stimulated with thrombin; the activity of COX-1 was inhibited by both extracts, although the effect of the extract from raw seeds was stronger. These results indicate that sea buckthorn seeds have anti-platelet activity that is not decreased by thermal processing, but more research is needed to determine which exact chemical compounds and mechanisms are responsible for this phenomenon.
沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides L.）是一种长有小橙色浆果的乔木或灌木。沙棘种子已显示出许多对人体健康有益的特性，包括抗氧化、抗高血压、抗高血脂和视网膜保护活性。种子作为食物的一种成分，经常会暴露于高温下，这可能会增加或降低其生物活性。在我们之前的研究中，我们表明生的和烤制的沙棘种子都具有显著的抗氧化活性，这是在体外人体血浆中测得的。在本文中，我们评估了生的和烤制的沙棘种子提取物对体外止血的几个参数的影响，包括全血中的血栓形成（通过总血栓形成分析系统 - T - TAS测量）、血小板活化（基于P - 选择素的暴露、其表面糖蛋白IIb/IIIa的活性形式以及血小板衍生微粒的形成）、聚集（用阻抗聚集法测量）、对纤维蛋白原和胶原蛋白的粘附、凝血酶刺激的洗涤血小板中的花生四烯酸代谢以及COX - 1活性。我们还测量了血浆中游离8 - 异前列腺素的水平以及血浆的总非酶抗氧化状态。烤制种子提取物（50 µg/mL）通过T - TAS显著延长了闭塞时间 - AUC（曲线下面积）值降低了约18%。两种提取物都降低了用10 μM ADP激活的血小板表面糖蛋白IIb/IIIa活性形式的暴露（降低了38.4 - 62.2%）以及用20 μM ADP激活的血小板表面糖蛋白IIb/IIIa活性形式的暴露（降低了39.7 - 51.3%）。此外，生种子提取物降低了用20 μM ADP刺激的血小板表面P - 选择素的暴露（降低了31.2 - 34.9%）。凝血酶刺激的血小板对纤维蛋白原和胶原蛋白的粘附仅被烤制沙棘种子提取物抑制（抑制了20 - 30%）。此外，生种子提取物抑制了凝血酶刺激的洗涤血小板中TBARS（硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质，花生四烯酸酶促过氧化的指标）的水平；两种提取物都抑制了COX - 1的活性，尽管生种子提取物的作用更强。这些结果表明沙棘种子具有抗血小板活性，且这种活性不会因热处理而降低，但需要更多研究来确定究竟是哪些确切的化合物和机制导致了这种现象。
