Yang Ting, Chen Shihao, Qiu Lingling, Guo Qixin, Wang Zhixiu, Jiang Yong, Bai Hao, Bi Yulin, Chang Guobin
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Aug 3;14(15):2254. doi: 10.3390/ani14152254.
To meet the demand of consumers for chicken products, poultry breeders have made improvements to chickens. However, this has led to a new problem in the modern poultry industry, namely excessive fat deposition. This study aims to understand the effects of dietary iron supplementation on fat deposition and gut microbiota in chickens. In this study, we investigated the effects of iron on the growth performance, fat deposition, and gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens. A total of 75 7-week-old silky fowl black-bone chickens were randomly divided into three groups (five replicates per group, five chickens per replicate) and fed them for 28 days using a growing diet (control group), a growing diet + 10% tallow (high-fat diet group, HFD group), and a growing diet + 10% tallow + 500 mg/kg iron (HFDFe500 group), respectively. We detected the effects of iron on the growth performance, fat deposition, and gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens using the growth performance index test, oil red O staining, and HE staining, and found that the high-fat diet significantly increased liver and serum fat deposition and liver injury, while the addition of iron to the diet could reduce the fat deposition caused by the high-fat diet and alleviate liver injury. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to compare the relative abundance of gut microbiota in the cecal contents in different feeding groups. The results showed that the high-fat diet could induce gut microbiota imbalance in chickens, while the high-iron diet reversed the gut microbiota imbalance. PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that dietary iron supplementation affected amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, cofactors, and vitamin metabolism pathways. In addition, correlation analysis showed that TG was significantly associated with and ( < 0.05). Overall, these results revealed high dietary iron (500 mg/kg) could reduce fat deposition and affect the gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens, suggesting that iron may regulate fat deposition by influencing the gut microbiota of chickens and provides a potential avenue that prevents excessive fat deposition in chickens by adding iron to the diet.
为满足消费者对鸡肉产品的需求，家禽育种者对鸡进行了改良。然而，这在现代家禽业中引发了一个新问题，即脂肪过度沉积。本研究旨在了解日粮添加铁对鸡脂肪沉积和肠道微生物群的影响。在本研究中，我们调查了铁对丝羽乌骨鸡生长性能、脂肪沉积和肠道微生物群的影响。将75只7周龄的丝羽乌骨鸡随机分为三组（每组5个重复，每个重复5只鸡），分别用生长日粮（对照组）、生长日粮 + 10%牛脂（高脂日粮组，HFD组）和生长日粮 + 10%牛脂 + 500 mg/kg铁（HFDFe500组）饲喂28天。我们通过生长性能指标测试、油红O染色和HE染色检测铁对丝羽乌骨鸡生长性能、脂肪沉积和肠道微生物群的影响，发现高脂日粮显著增加肝脏和血清脂肪沉积以及肝脏损伤，而日粮中添加铁可减少高脂日粮引起的脂肪沉积并减轻肝脏损伤。此外，采用16S rDNA测序比较不同饲喂组盲肠内容物中肠道微生物群的相对丰度。结果表明，高脂日粮可导致鸡肠道微生物群失衡，而高铁日粮可逆转肠道微生物群失衡。PICRUSt功能预测分析表明，日粮添加铁影响氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、辅因子和维生素代谢途径。此外，相关性分析表明TG与 和 显著相关（ < 0.05）。总体而言，这些结果表明高剂量日粮铁（500 mg/kg）可减少丝羽乌骨鸡的脂肪沉积并影响其肠道微生物群，提示铁可能通过影响鸡的肠道微生物群来调节脂肪沉积，并为通过在日粮中添加铁来预防鸡过度脂肪沉积提供了一条潜在途径。
