Wang Lizhi, Ma Junyong, Wu Qifeng, Hu Yongchao, Feng Jinxiao
Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering, Environment and Oceanography, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
Institute of Field Water Conservancy, Soil and Fertilizer Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 5;13(15):2159. doi: 10.3390/plants13152159.
Desertification and salt stress are major causes of terrestrial ecosystem loss worldwide, and the Gobi, representing a salt-stressed area in inland China, has a major impact on the ecosystems and biodiversity of its surrounding environment. The restoration of the Gobi Desert is an important way to control its expansion, but there are few studies on the evaluation of restoration. In this study, soils under different restoration scenarios, namely, soils in restored areas (R1, R2), semi-restored areas (SR1, SR2), and unrestored control areas (C1, C2), were used to investigate differences in microbial diversity and physicochemical properties. The results showed that the soil was mainly dominated by particles of 4-63 μm (26.45-37.94%) and >63 μm (57.95-72.87%). Across the different restoration levels, the soil pH (7.96-8.43) remained basically unchanged, salinity decreased from 9.23-2.26 to 0.24-0.25, and water content remained constant (10.98-12.27%) except for one restored sample in which it was higher (22.32%). The effective Al, Cu, and Zn in the soil increased, but only slightly. Total organic matter (TOM) decreased from 3.86-5.20% to 1.31-1.47%, and total organic nitrogen (TON) decreased from 0.03-0.06% to 0.01-0.02%, but the difference in total organic carbon (TOC) was not significant. High-throughput testing revealed that the bacterial population of the restored area was dominated by (6.33-9.18%), (4.94-7.39%), and (7.04-7.39%). Regarding archaea, samples from the restored areas were dominated by (76.17-81.49%) and (6.07-9.75%). PCoA showed that the different restoration levels were the main cause of the differences between the samples. Additionally, salinity was the dominant factor that induced this difference, but it was inhibited by the restoration and targeted enrichment of some of these functional genera. Desert restoration should therefore focus on conserving water rather than adding nutrients. Planting salt- and drought-tolerant vegetation will contribute to the initial restoration of the desert and the restoration of the microbiological content of the soil as it migrates over time, creating a cycle of elements. Restoration stimulates and enhances the microbial diversity of the soil via beneficial microorganisms.
荒漠化和盐胁迫是全球陆地生态系统丧失的主要原因，而代表中国内陆盐胁迫地区的戈壁，对其周边环境的生态系统和生物多样性有重大影响。戈壁沙漠的恢复是控制其扩张的重要途径，但关于恢复评估的研究较少。在本研究中，利用不同恢复情景下的土壤，即恢复区（R1、R2）、半恢复区（SR1、SR2）和未恢复对照区（C1、C2）的土壤，来研究微生物多样性和理化性质的差异。结果表明，土壤主要以4 - 63μm（26.45 - 37.94%）和>63μm（57.95 - 72.87%）的颗粒为主。在不同的恢复水平上，土壤pH值（7.96 - 8.43）基本保持不变，盐分从9.23 - 2.26降至0.24 - 0.25，除一个恢复样品含水量较高（22.32%）外，含水量保持恒定（10.98 - 12.27%）。土壤中有效铝、铜和锌有所增加，但增幅较小。总有机质（TOM）从3.86 - 5.20%降至1.31 - 1.47%，总有机氮（TON）从0.03 - 0.06%降至0.01 - 0.02%，但总有机碳（TOC）差异不显著。高通量检测显示，恢复区的细菌群落主要由（6.33 - 9.18%）、（4.94 - 7.39%）和（7.04 - 7.39%）组成。关于古菌，恢复区的样品主要由（76.17 - 81.49%）和（6.07 - 9.75%）组成。主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，不同的恢复水平是样品间差异的主要原因。此外，盐分是导致这种差异的主导因素，但恢复以及对其中一些功能属进行靶向富集可抑制盐分影响。因此，沙漠恢复应侧重于节水而非添加养分。种植耐盐耐旱植被将有助于沙漠的初步恢复以及随着时间推移土壤微生物含量的恢复，从而形成元素循环。恢复通过有益微生物刺激并增强土壤的微生物多样性。
