Xia Hao, Shen Jia, Riaz Muhammad, Jiang Cuncang, Zu Chaolong, Jiang Chaoqiang, Liu Bo
Industrial Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei 230001, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 27;13(11):1478. doi: 10.3390/plants13111478.
Straw and biochar, two commonly used soil amendments, have been shown to enhance soil fertility and the composition of microbial communities. To compare the effects of straw and biochar on soil fertility, particularly focusing on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) components, and the physiochemical properties of soil and microbial communities, a combination of high-throughput sequencing and three-dimensional fluorescence mapping technology was employed. In our study, we set up four treatments, i.e., without biochar and straw (B0S0); biochar only (B1S0); straw returning only (B0S1); and biochar and straw (B1S1). Our results demonstrate that soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) were increased by 34.71%, 22.96%, and 61.68%, respectively, under the B1S1 treatment compared to the B0S0 treatment. In addition, microbial carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) were significantly increased with the B1S1 treatment, by 55.13%, 15.59%, and 125.46%, respectively. The results also show an enhancement in microbial diversity, the composition of microbial communities, and the degree of soil humification with the application of biochar and straw. Moreover, by comparing the differences in soil fertility, DOM components, and other indicators under different treatments, the combined treatments of biochar and straw had a more significant positive impact on paddy soil fertility compared to biochar. In conclusion, our study revealed the combination of straw incorporation and biochar application has significant impacts and is considered an effective approach to improving soil fertility.
秸秆和生物炭是两种常用的土壤改良剂，已被证明可提高土壤肥力并改善微生物群落组成。为了比较秸秆和生物炭对土壤肥力的影响，特别是关注土壤溶解有机物（DOM）成分以及土壤和微生物群落的理化性质，采用了高通量测序和三维荧光图谱技术相结合的方法。在我们的研究中，设置了四个处理组，即不添加生物炭和秸秆（B0S0）；仅添加生物炭（B1S0）；仅秸秆还田（B0S1）；以及生物炭和秸秆同时添加（B1S1）。我们的结果表明，与B0S0处理相比，B1S1处理下土壤有机质（SOM）、有效氮（AN）和有效钾（AK）分别增加了34.71%、22.96%和61.68%。此外，B1S1处理下微生物碳（MBC）、溶解有机碳（DOC）和颗粒有机碳（POC）显著增加，分别增加了55.13%、15.59%和125.46%。结果还表明，施用生物炭和秸秆可提高微生物多样性、微生物群落组成以及土壤腐殖化程度。此外，通过比较不同处理下土壤肥力、DOM成分和其他指标的差异，生物炭和秸秆的联合处理对水稻土肥力的积极影响比单独施用生物炭更为显著。总之，我们的研究表明，秸秆还田与生物炭施用相结合具有显著影响，是提高土壤肥力的有效途径。
