Li Fei, Zhong Yan
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 23;17(15):3640. doi: 10.3390/ma17153640.
As an important gelling material, cementitious materials are widely used in civil engineering construction. Currently, research on these materials is conducted using experimental and numerical image processing methods, which enable the observation and analysis of structural changes and mechanical properties. These methods are instrumental in designing cementitious materials with specific performance criteria, despite their resource-intensive nature. The material genome approach represents a novel trend in material research and development. The establishment of a material gene database facilitates the rapid and precise determination of relationships between characteristic genes and performance, enabling the bidirectional design of cementitious materials' composition and properties. This paper reviews the characteristic genes of cementitious materials from nano-, micro-, and macro-scale perspectives. It summarizes the characteristic genes, analyzes expression parameters at various scales, and concludes regarding their relationship to mechanical properties. On the nanoscale, calcium hydrated silicate (C-S-H) is identified as the most important characteristic gene, with the calcium-silicon ratio being the key parameter describing its structure. On the microscale, the pore structure and bubble system are key characteristics, with parameters such as porosity, pore size distribution, pore shape, air content, and the bubble spacing coefficient directly affecting properties like frost resistance, permeability, and compressive strength. On the macroscale, the aggregate emerges as the most important component of cementitious materials. Its shape, angularity, surface texture (grain), crushing index, and water absorption are the main characteristics influencing properties such as chloride ion penetration resistance, viscosity, fluidity, and strength. By analyzing and mapping the relationship between these genes and properties across different scales, this paper offers new insights and establishes a reference framework for the targeted design of cementitious material properties.
作为一种重要的胶凝材料，胶凝性材料在土木工程建设中被广泛应用。目前，对这些材料的研究采用实验和数值图像处理方法，这些方法能够观察和分析结构变化及力学性能。尽管这些方法资源消耗大，但在设计具有特定性能标准的胶凝材料方面发挥着重要作用。材料基因组方法代表了材料研发的一种新趋势。材料基因数据库的建立有助于快速、精确地确定特征基因与性能之间的关系，从而实现胶凝材料组成与性能的双向设计。本文从纳米、微观和宏观尺度的角度综述了胶凝材料的特征基因。总结了特征基因，分析了不同尺度下的表达参数，并就它们与力学性能的关系得出结论。在纳米尺度上，水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）被确定为最重要的特征基因，钙硅比是描述其结构的关键参数。在微观尺度上，孔隙结构和气泡体系是关键特征，孔隙率、孔径分布、孔隙形状、含气量和气泡间距系数等参数直接影响抗冻性、渗透性和抗压强度等性能。在宏观尺度上，骨料成为胶凝材料最重要的组成部分。其形状、棱角性、表面纹理（颗粒）、压碎指标和吸水性是影响抗氯离子渗透性、粘度、流动性和强度等性能的主要特征。通过分析和绘制不同尺度下这些基因与性能之间的关系，本文提供了新的见解，并为胶凝材料性能的靶向设计建立了参考框架。
