Maciejewska Magdalena, Rybiński Przemysław, Sowińska-Baranowska Anna
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 16 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 7 Uniwersytecka Street, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 27;17(15):3718. doi: 10.3390/ma17153718.
The goal of this work was to develop acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) elastomer composites filled with hydroxyapatite (HAP) characterized by improved cure characteristics and resistance to burning. Silane, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, ionic liquid, i.e., 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and surfactant, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were used to improve the filler's dispersibility in the elastomer matrix and to reduce the time and temperature of vulcanization. The effects of HAP and dispersants on the cure characteristics, crosslink density and physico-chemical properties of NBR composites were explored. The additives used, especially the ionic liquid and surfactant, effectively improved the dispersion of HAP in the NBR matrix. The amount of HAP and the dispersant used strongly affected the cure characteristics and crosslink density of NBR. The optimal vulcanization time significantly increased with HAP content and was pronouncedly reduced when ionic liquid and surfactant were applied. In addition, ionic liquid and surfactant significantly lowered the onset vulcanization temperature and improved the crosslink density and hardness of the vulcanizates while impairing their elasticity. HAP and dispersants did not significantly affect the damping properties or chemical resistance of NBR vulcanizates. Above all, application of HAP considerably enhanced the resistance of vulcanizates to thermo-oxidative aging and reduced their flammability compared with the unfilled NBR.
这项工作的目标是开发填充有羟基磷灰石（HAP）的丙烯腈 - 丁二烯（NBR）弹性体复合材料，其具有改善的硫化特性和阻燃性。使用硅烷，即（3 - 氨丙基） - 三乙氧基硅烷、离子液体，即1 - 癸基 - 3 - 甲基咪唑溴化物和表面活性剂，即十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，来改善填料在弹性体基质中的分散性，并降低硫化时间和温度。研究了HAP和分散剂对NBR复合材料的硫化特性、交联密度和物理化学性能的影响。所使用的添加剂，尤其是离子液体和表面活性剂，有效地改善了HAP在NBR基质中的分散性。HAP和所用分散剂的用量强烈影响NBR的硫化特性和交联密度。最佳硫化时间随着HAP含量显著增加，而当使用离子液体和表面活性剂时则明显缩短。此外，离子液体和表面活性剂显著降低了起始硫化温度，提高了硫化胶的交联密度和硬度，同时损害了它们的弹性。HAP和分散剂对NBR硫化胶的阻尼性能或耐化学性没有显著影响。最重要的是，与未填充的NBR相比，HAP的应用大大提高了硫化胶的抗热氧化老化性能并降低了它们的可燃性。
