Chabak Yuliia, Efremenko Vasily, Petryshynets Ivan, Golinskyi Michail, Shimizu Kazumichi, Efremenko Bohdan, Kudin Vadim, Azarkhov Alexander
Physics Department, Pryazovskyi State Technical University, 49044 Dnipro, Ukraine.
Division of Metallic Systems, Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 28;17(15):3742. doi: 10.3390/ma17153742.
In this paper, enhancing the tribological characteristics of novel cast metallic materials-hybrid multi-component cast irons-by applying a strengthening heat treatment is described. The experimental materials were the cast alloys of a nominal composition (5 wt.% W, 5 wt.% Mo, 5 wt.% V, 10 wt.% Cr, 2.5 wt.% Ti, Fe is a balance) supplemented with 0.3-1.1 wt.% C and 1.5-2.5 wt.% B (total of nine alloys). The heat treatment was oil-quenching followed by 200 °C tempering. The quench temperature (QT) varied in the range of 900-1200 °C, with a step of 50 °C (with a 2-h holding at QT). The correlation of the QT with microstructure and properties was estimated using microstructure/worn surface characterization, differential scanning calorimetry, hardness measurement, and three-body-abrasive wear testing (using AlO particles). The as-cast alloys had a multi-phase structure consisting of primary and/or eutectic borocarbide M(B,C), carboborides M(C,B), M(C,B), M(C,B), and the matrix (ferrite, martensite, pearlite/bainite) in different combinations and volume fractions. Generally, the increase in the quenching temperature resulted in a gradual increase in hardness (maximally to 66-67 HRC) and a decrease in the wear rate in most alloys. This was due to the change in the phase-structure state of the alloys under quenching, namely, the secondary carboboride precipitation, and replacing ferrite and pearlite/bainite with martensite. The wear rate was found to be inversely proportional to bulk hardness. The maximum wear resistance was attributed to QT = 1150-1200 °C, when the wear rate of the alloys was lowered by three to six times as compared to the as-cast state. With the QT increase, the difference in the wear rate of the alloys decreased by three times. The highest abrasive resistance was attributed to the alloys with 1.1 wt.% C, which had a 2.36-3.20 times lower wear rate as compared with that of the reference alloy (13 wt.% Cr cast iron, hardness of 66 HRC). The effects of carbon and boron on hardness and wear behavior are analyzed using the regression models developed according to the factorial design procedure. The wear mechanisms are discussed based on worn surface characterization.
本文描述了通过应用强化热处理来提高新型铸造金属材料——混合多组分铸铁的摩擦学特性。实验材料是名义成分为（5 wt.% W、5 wt.% Mo、5 wt.% V、10 wt.% Cr、2.5 wt.% Ti，其余为Fe）并添加0.3 - 1.1 wt.% C和1.5 - 2.5 wt.% B的铸造合金（共九种合金）。热处理为油淬后在200℃回火。淬火温度（QT）在900 - 1200℃范围内变化，步长为50℃（在QT下保温2小时）。通过微观结构/磨损表面表征、差示扫描量热法、硬度测量和三体磨料磨损试验（使用AlO颗粒）来评估QT与微观结构和性能之间的相关性。铸态合金具有多相结构，由初生和/或共晶硼碳化物M(B,C)、碳硼化物M(C,B)、M(C,B)、M(C,B)以及不同组合和体积分数的基体（铁素体、马氏体、珠光体/贝氏体）组成。一般来说，淬火温度的升高导致大多数合金的硬度逐渐增加（最高可达66 - 67 HRC）且磨损率降低。这是由于合金在淬火时相结构状态的变化，即二次碳硼化物的析出，以及铁素体和珠光体/贝氏体被马氏体取代。发现磨损率与体积硬度成反比。最大耐磨性归因于QT = 1150 - 1200℃，此时合金的磨损率与铸态相比降低了三到六倍。随着QT的增加，合金磨损率的差异降低了三倍。最高的抗磨性归因于含1.1 wt.% C的合金，与参考合金（13 wt.% Cr铸铁，硬度为66 HRC）相比，其磨损率低2.36 - 3.20倍。根据析因设计程序开发的回归模型分析了碳和硼对硬度和磨损行为的影响。基于磨损表面表征讨论了磨损机制。
