Noordwest Hospital Group, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2024 Jul 24;16(15):2402. doi: 10.3390/nu16152402.
In many parts of the world, goat milk has been part of the human diet for millennia. Allergy to goat's milk, not associated with allergy to cow's milk, is a rare disorder, although some cases have been described. Goat milk proteins have substantial homology with cow's milk proteins and even show cross-reactivity; therefore, they are not advised as an alternative to cow's milk for infants with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergies. However, there are indications that, due to the composition of the goat milk proteins, goat milk proteins show lower allergenicity than cow's milk due to a lower αS1-casein content. For this reason, goat milk might be a better choice over cow's milk as a first source of protein when breastfeeding is not possible or after the breastfeeding period. Additionally, some studies show that goat milk could play a role in specific types of non-IgE-mediated cow milk allergy or even in the prevention of sensitization to cow's milk proteins. This review discusses a possible role of goat milk in non-IgE mediated allergy and the prevention or oral tolerance induction of milk allergy.
在世界上许多地区，羊奶已经成为人类饮食的一部分，已经有几千年的历史了。对羊奶的过敏，与对牛奶的过敏无关，是一种罕见的疾病，尽管已经有一些病例被描述过。羊奶蛋白与牛奶蛋白具有实质性的同源性，甚至表现出交叉反应性；因此，不建议将其作为 IgE 介导的牛奶过敏婴儿的牛奶替代品。然而，有迹象表明，由于羊奶蛋白的组成，羊奶蛋白的致敏性低于牛奶蛋白，因为羊奶蛋白的αS1-酪蛋白含量较低。由于这个原因，当母乳喂养不可能或母乳喂养期结束后，羊奶可能是比牛奶更好的首选蛋白质来源。此外，一些研究表明，羊奶可能在某些类型的非 IgE 介导的牛奶过敏中发挥作用，甚至在预防对牛奶蛋白的致敏方面发挥作用。这篇综述讨论了羊奶在非 IgE 介导的过敏以及牛奶过敏的预防或口服耐受诱导中的可能作用。
