Saha Sudeb, Namai Fu, Nishiyama Keita, Villena Julio, Kitazawa Haruki
Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Aug 12;15(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s40104-024-01070-z.
Diarrhea is a common enteric disease in piglets that leads to high mortality and economic losses in swine production worldwide. Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent or treat diarrhea in piglets. However, irrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of resistance in bacteria and antibiotic residues in animal products, threatening public health, while causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in piglets. Therefore, the quest for alternative products (such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes, essential oils, medium-chain fatty acids, zinc, and plant extracts) has recently been clearly emphasized through the increase in regulations regarding antibiotic use in livestock production. These antibiotic alternatives could lower the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and meet consumer demand for antibiotic-free food. Several antibiotic alternatives have been proposed, including immunomodulatory probiotics, as candidates to reduce the need for antimicrobial therapy. Many studies have revealed that probiotics can avert and cure bacterial diarrhea by regulating the gut function and immune system of piglets. In this review, we focus on the major pathogenic bacteria causing piglet diarrhea, the research status of using probiotics to prevent and treat diarrhea, their possible mechanisms, and the safety issues related to the use of probiotics. Supplementation with probiotics is a possible alternative to antibiotics for the prevention or treatment of bacterial diarrhea in piglets. Furthermore, probiotics exert beneficial effects on feed efficiency and growth performance of piglets. Therefore, appropriate selection and strategies for the use of probiotics may have a positive effect on growth performance and also reduce diarrhea in piglets. This review provides useful information on probiotics for researchers, pig nutritionists, and the additive industry to support their use against bacterial diarrhea in piglets.
腹泻是仔猪常见的肠道疾病，在全球养猪生产中会导致高死亡率和经济损失。抗生素常用于预防或治疗仔猪腹泻。然而，不合理使用抗生素会导致细菌耐药性的产生以及动物产品中的抗生素残留，威胁公众健康，同时还会导致仔猪肠道微生物群失调和耐药菌感染。因此，随着对畜牧生产中抗生素使用规定的增加，最近人们明显更加重视寻找替代产品（如益生菌、益生元、有机酸、酶、精油、中链脂肪酸、锌和植物提取物）。这些抗生素替代品可以降低耐药菌的风险，并满足消费者对无抗生素食品的需求。已经提出了几种抗生素替代品，包括免疫调节益生菌，作为减少抗菌治疗需求的候选产品。许多研究表明，益生菌可以通过调节仔猪的肠道功能和免疫系统来预防和治愈细菌性腹泻。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注导致仔猪腹泻的主要病原菌、使用益生菌预防和治疗腹泻的研究现状、其可能的机制以及与益生菌使用相关的安全问题。补充益生菌是预防或治疗仔猪细菌性腹泻的一种可能替代抗生素的方法。此外，益生菌对仔猪的饲料效率和生长性能有有益影响。因此，合理选择和使用益生菌的策略可能对生长性能产生积极影响，并减少仔猪腹泻。这篇综述为研究人员、猪营养学家和添加剂行业提供了有关益生菌的有用信息，以支持他们使用益生菌对抗仔猪细菌性腹泻。
