Zhang Xiuzhi, Liu Tianhao, Ran Chunxiao, Wang Weidan, Piao Fengyuan, Yang Jiahui, Tian Simiao, Li Lu, Zhao Dewei
Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Orthopaedic Medical Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Jul 26;12:1411507. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1411507. eCollection 2024.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by chronic inflammation that damages articular cartilage. At present, the treatment of OA includes drug therapy to relieve symptoms and joint replacement therapy for advanced OA. However, these palliatives cannot truly block the progression of the disease from the immunological pathogenesis of OA. In recent years, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has shown great potential in tissue engineering repair. In addition, many studies have shown that BMSC paracrine signals play an important role in the treatment of OA through immune regulation and suppressing inflammation. At present, the mechanism of inflammation-induced OA and the use of BMSC transplantation in joint repair have been reviewed, but the mechanism and significance of BMSC paracrine signals in the treatment of OA have not been fully reviewed. Therefore, this article focused on the latest research progress on the paracrine effects of BMSCs in the treatment of OA and the related mechanisms by which BMSCs secrete cytokines to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate immune balance, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, the application potential of BMSC-Exos as a new type of cell-free therapy for OA is described. This review aimed to provide systematic theoretical support for the clinical application of BMSC transplantation in the treatment of OA.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种由慢性炎症引起的退行性关节疾病，会损害关节软骨。目前，OA的治疗方法包括缓解症状的药物治疗和针对晚期OA的关节置换治疗。然而，这些姑息治疗无法从OA的免疫发病机制真正阻断疾病的进展。近年来，骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）移植在组织工程修复中显示出巨大潜力。此外，许多研究表明，BMSC旁分泌信号通过免疫调节和抑制炎症在OA治疗中发挥重要作用。目前，炎症诱导OA的机制以及BMSC移植在关节修复中的应用已有综述，但BMSC旁分泌信号在OA治疗中的机制和意义尚未得到充分综述。因此，本文重点关注BMSCs在OA治疗中的旁分泌作用的最新研究进展，以及BMSCs分泌细胞因子抑制炎症反应、调节免疫平衡、促进细胞增殖和分化的相关机制。此外，还描述了BMSC-Exos作为一种新型非细胞疗法治疗OA的应用潜力。本综述旨在为BMSC移植治疗OA的临床应用提供系统的理论支持。
