Sajer Bayan H, Alshehri Wafa A, Alghamdi Sahar S, Suliman Rasha S, Albejad Alhanouf, Hakmi Haifa
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Biologics. 2024 Aug 6;18:207-228. doi: 10.2147/BTT.S472491. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to investigate the fungal growth and diversity in the Sabkha marsh. The anti-bacterial properties of the isolated fungi were assessed using an agar disk diffusion assay, and the crude extracts were tested for their anticancer activities. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to identify the active compounds of the fungal secondary metabolites. In-silico studies were conducted to predict the toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profiles of the identified compounds.
The analysis revealed that the isolated fungi belonged to the Aspergillus species, specifically and . The crude extract of exhibited significant anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines, while the antifungal activities against pathogenic bacteria varied between the two fungi. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified several compounds in the fungal isolates. In , the compounds included Aflavinine, Dihydro-24-hydroxyaflavinine, Phomaligin A, Hydroxysydonic acid, Gregatin B, Pulvinulin A, Chrysogine, Aspergillic acid, Aflatoxin B1, and Aflatoxin G1. In , the compounds identified were atromentin, fonsecin B, firalenone, rubrofusarin, aurasperone E, aurasperone D, aurasperone C, nigerone, and αβ-dehydrocurvularin.
This study demonstrated promising fungal growth and diversity in the Sabkha marsh, with Aspergillus species being the most prevalent. The fungal crude extract showed anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines, while the antifungal activities against pathogenic bacteria varied between the two fungi. Future research should focus on investigating the antimicrobial activities of these fungi against multidrug-resistant bacteria and exploring the genetic changes in bacteria and cancer cells treated with these fungal extracts. Additionally, it is important to test the anticancer activity of the active compounds separately to determine which one is the active agent against cancer cells. This information can be used in drug development trials.
本研究旨在调查盐沼湿地中的真菌生长情况及多样性。采用琼脂扩散法评估分离出的真菌的抗菌特性，并对粗提物进行抗癌活性测试。利用液相色谱 - 质谱联用技术鉴定真菌次生代谢产物的活性化合物。通过计算机模拟研究预测所鉴定化合物的毒性、药代动力学性质和安全性。
分析表明，分离出的真菌属于曲霉属，具体为 和 。 的粗提物对多种癌细胞系表现出显著的抗癌活性，而两种真菌对病原菌的抗真菌活性有所不同。液相色谱 - 质谱联用分析在真菌分离物中鉴定出几种化合物。在 中，化合物包括黄曲霉氨酸、二氢 - 24 - 羟基黄曲霉氨酸、茎点霉毒素A、羟基异麦芽酮糖醇酸、格氏菌素B、普尔维菌素A、金精三羧酸、曲霉酸、黄曲霉毒素B1和黄曲霉毒素G1。在 中，鉴定出的化合物有阿托菌素、丰塞菌素B、菲拉伦酮、红镰孢菌素、奥司珀酮E、奥司珀酮D、奥司珀酮C、黑麦酮、αβ - 脱氢弯孢霉菌素。
本研究表明盐沼湿地中真菌生长良好且具有多样性，曲霉属最为常见。真菌粗提物对多种癌细胞系具有抗癌活性，而两种真菌对病原菌的抗真菌活性有所不同。未来的研究应集中于调查这些真菌对多重耐药菌的抗菌活性，以及探索用这些真菌提取物处理的细菌和癌细胞的基因变化。此外，分别测试活性化合物的抗癌活性以确定哪种是抗癌活性成分很重要。这些信息可用于药物开发试验。
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