Multifaceted Enhancement of L-Leucine-Enriched Ovine Bone Graft: Physicochemical Characteristics and Osteogenic Potential for Improved Guided Bone Regeneration.

Introduction Small compounds like L-leucine can boost bone regrowth by blocking certain effects, sparking cell reactions through signaling sequences. This research explored how combining L-leucine with hyaluronic acid on the developed novel graft material affects the bone's ability to conduct bone-building processes. Material and methods This study was designed as an in-vitro experiment, where a novel bone graft was formulated by integrating L-leucine with hyaluronic acid and incorporated into a hydroxyapatite-based ovine bone graft material. The sintering procedure was modified to include the amino acid L-arginine. Comprehensive examinations were executed using methodologies such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and bone formation assay. These analyses were juxtaposed with the characteristics of the commercially accessible unaltered Bio-Oss, focusing on their physicochemical properties. The properties were compared with a commercially available bone graft material. Results The sintered hydroxyapatite/L-leucine graft displayed an interconnected pore structure, indicating that higher sintering and consolidation affected hydroxyapatite, as observed through scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed hydroxyapatite in the sintered ovine bone samples, affirming their suitability for various biomedical applications. In the bone formation assay, optical density (OD) values were 61% for the hydroxyapatite/L-arginine graft, 58% for the Bio-Oss group, and 51% for the control group. The MTT assay, which assesses cell viability and metabolic activity, demonstrated biocompatibility and cell growth for all samples at 24 hours. Conclusion The research noted beneficial outcomes by incorporating L-leucine into the novel bone graft material with hyaluronic acid for bone grafting, demonstrating enhanced compatibility with existing bone tissue. However, the specific advantages of this combined approach are not fully known. It is essential to conduct more studies to uncover how this synergy works, assess its prolonged impacts, carry out clinical tests, and enhance the effectiveness of this blend for practical applications in bone graft surgeries.