Rosenthal M J, Goodwin J S
Adv Nutr Res. 1985;7:71-100. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2529-1_3.
Deficiencies of various nutrients, primarily vitamins, impair cognition. The link is strongest for vitamin B12, thiamine, and niacin. Yet even for these, the role of mild "subclinical" or multiple deficiencies in the genesis of mental dysfunction is unclear. Most information in this field is based on animal studies often poorly applicable to the human condition or on clinical pathology complicated by advanced age, alcoholism, and intercurrent disease. There is a need for well controlled, double-blind, prospective trials to elucidate the cognitive effects of malnutrition.
各种营养素缺乏，主要是维生素缺乏，会损害认知能力。维生素B12、硫胺素和烟酸之间的联系最为紧密。然而，即便对于这些营养素，轻度“亚临床”缺乏或多种营养素缺乏在精神功能障碍发生过程中的作用仍不明确。该领域的大多数信息基于往往不太适用于人类情况的动物研究，或基于因高龄、酗酒和并发疾病而变得复杂的临床病理学。需要进行严格对照、双盲、前瞻性试验，以阐明营养不良对认知的影响。
