Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Aug 12;51(1):904. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09814-w.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cardiac disorder that leads to heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. It is primarily characterized by conditions that impact the heart and blood arteries, including peripheral artery disease, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, congenital heart abnormalities, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathies. These conditions are mainly effect the heart and blood vessels, causing blockages or weakened pumping, due to severe hereditary and environmental factors. The frequency of CVD is rising significantly as life expectancy increases. Despite this, no effective treatment or management for its symptoms has been found. One of the most difficult obstacles to overcome, is finding a suitable animal model for drug screening and drug development. Although rodents, mice, swine, and mammals serve as the basis for most animal models of cardiovascular disease, no model accurately captures the epidemiology of the condition. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have drawn the interest of the international scientific community due to certain shortcomings of the previously discussed animal models because they are smaller, less costly, and have an incredibly high rate of reproduction. This review article emphasizes the significance of using zebrafish as an animal model to investigate the possible facets of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the ultimate purpose of this review article is to establish the advantages of employing zebrafish over other animal models and to investigate the boundaries of using zebrafish to study human disease. Furthermore, the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases induction in zebrafish were covered to improve understanding for readers. Finally, the analysis of cardiotoxicity using Zebra fish model, is also explained. In order to stop the health index from deteriorating, the current study also covers some innovative, effective, and relatively safer treatments for treatment and management of cardiotoxicity.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一种常见的心脏疾病，可导致心脏病发作、中风和心力衰竭。它主要表现为影响心脏和动脉的疾病，包括外周动脉疾病、心律失常、动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血、先天性心脏异常、心力衰竭、风湿性心脏病、高血压和心肌病。这些疾病主要影响心脏和血管，导致严重的遗传和环境因素引起的阻塞或泵血功能减弱。随着预期寿命的延长，心血管疾病的发病率显著上升。尽管如此，尚未发现针对其症状的有效治疗或管理方法。其中一个最困难的障碍是为药物筛选和药物开发找到合适的动物模型。尽管啮齿动物、老鼠、猪和哺乳动物是大多数心血管疾病动物模型的基础，但没有一种模型能准确捕捉到该疾病的流行病学特征。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）由于先前讨论的动物模型存在某些缺点而引起了国际科学界的兴趣，因为它们体积更小、成本更低，并且具有极高的繁殖率。这篇综述文章强调了使用斑马鱼作为动物模型来研究心血管疾病可能方面的重要性。此外，本文的最终目的是确立使用斑马鱼相对于其他动物模型的优势，并探讨使用斑马鱼研究人类疾病的局限性。此外，还涵盖了在斑马鱼中诱导心血管疾病的机制，以帮助读者更好地理解。最后，还解释了使用斑马鱼模型进行心脏毒性分析。为了阻止健康指数恶化，目前的研究还涵盖了一些创新、有效和相对更安全的治疗方法，用于治疗和管理心脏毒性。
