Kocabalkanli Can, Fenton Regina, Gaetani Susan, Aalamifar Fereshteh, Linguraru Marius George, Seifabadi Reza
PediaMetrix Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2024 Aug 12:10556656241271681. doi: 10.1177/10556656241271681.
Prospectively validate the accuracy of smartphone-based digital cranial measurements for the diagnosis and treatment of deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB), compared with calipers used in the standard of care.
DESIGN/METHODS: Bird's-eye-view head photos were captured via smartphone, and their heads were measured with hand calipers by an expert user. CI/CVAI/CVA were calculated from photos and caliper measurements, and from 3D photogrammetry of the head as ground truth. Digital and caliper measurements were compared against 3D-based ground truth using mean absolute error, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman method. Statistical significance between methods was assessed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.
71 infants aged 2-11 months (20 female, 51 male) with DPB.
The mean absolute errors for CI, CVAI, CVA were 1.63 ± 1.44, 1.45 ± 1.29, 2.38 ± 1.86 mm for smartphone, and 2.60 ± 1.96, 1.43 ± 1.22, 2.04 ± 1.81 mm for calipers, respectively. The correlation coefficients for CI, CVAI, CVA between smartphone and ground truth were 0.90, 0.94, 0.80 (p < 0.001), and 0.87, 0.93, 0.84 (p < 0.001) between calipers and ground truth, respectively. Bland-Altman results were (0.08, [-4.18, 4.34]), (-0.05, [-3.85, 3.76]), (-0.82, [-6.52, 4.87]) for smartphone, and (1.41, [-4.34, 7.15]), (0.28, [-3.37, 3.94]), (0.16, [-5.18, 5.49]) for caliper measurements respectively. Digital and caliper measurements were similar (p = 0.12) except for CI, where digital measurements were more accurate (p = 0.04).
Smartphone-based cranial measurements have very high correlation with 3D-based ground truth, and they are comparable or superior to caliper measurements. Digital measurements can be performed in pediatric offices or from home to help with the early detection and treatment of DPB.
前瞻性地验证基于智能手机的数字颅骨测量在诊断和治疗变形性斜头畸形和/或短头畸形（DPB）方面的准确性，并与标准护理中使用的卡尺进行比较。
设计/方法：通过智能手机拍摄鸟瞰头部照片，并由专业用户使用手动卡尺测量头部。从照片和卡尺测量结果以及头部的三维摄影测量结果（作为基准真值）计算CI/CVAI/CVA。使用平均绝对误差、Spearman相关系数和Bland-Altman方法将数字测量和卡尺测量结果与基于三维的基准真值进行比较。使用Wilcoxon秩和检验评估不同方法之间的统计学显著性。
71名年龄在2至11个月的患有DPB的婴儿（20名女性，51名男性）。
智能手机测量CI、CVAI、CVA的平均绝对误差分别为1.63±1.44、1.45±1.29、2.38±1.86毫米，卡尺测量的分别为2.60±1.96、1.43±1.22、2.04±1.81毫米。智能手机与基准真值之间CI、CVAI、CVA的相关系数分别为0.90、0.94、0.80（p<0.001），卡尺与基准真值之间的分别为0.87、0.93、0.84（p<0.001）。智能手机测量的Bland-Altman结果分别为(0.08, [-4.18, 4.34])、(-0.05, [-3.85, 3.76])、(-0.82, [-6.52, 4.87])，卡尺测量的分别为(1.41, [-4.34, 7.15])、(0.28, [-3.37, 3.94])、(0.16, [-5.18, 5.49])。除CI外，数字测量和卡尺测量结果相似（p = 0.12），其中数字测量更准确（p = 0.04）。
基于智能手机的颅骨测量与基于三维的基准真值具有非常高的相关性，并且与卡尺测量相当或更优。数字测量可以在儿科诊所或家中进行，以帮助早期发现和治疗DPB。
