Sujak M K Aisyah, Izak R Djony, Hadi Sofijan, Sari Yessie Widia, Cahyati Nilam, Yusuf Yusril, Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim
Department of Physics, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia.
RSC Adv. 2024 Aug 12;14(34):24815-24827. doi: 10.1039/d4ra02485k. eCollection 2024 Aug 5.
One approach to addressing bone defects involves the field of bone tissue engineering, with scaffolds playing an important role. The properties of the scaffold must be similar to those of natural bone, including pore size, porosity, interconnectivity, mechanical attributes, degradation rate, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and biocompatibility. The primary goals of this study are as follows: first, to evaluate hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds based on functional groups, fibre diameter, porosity, and degradation rate; second, to investigate the interaction between HA/PCL/gelatin scaffolds and osteoblast cells (specifically, the ATCC 7F2 cell line) using assays, including cell viability and adhesion levels. The fibre samples were fabricated using an electrospinning technique with a 15 kV voltage, a spinneret-collector distance of 10 cm, and a flow rate of 0.3 mL hour. The process was applied to five different HA/PCL/gelatin concentration ratios: 50 : 40 : 10; 50 : 30 : 20; 50 : 25 : 25; 50 : 20 : 30; 50 : 35 : 15 (in %wt). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis and tests revealed no differences in functional groups across the five compositions. The identified functional groups include PO , OH, CO and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching. Notably, an increase in PCL concentrations resulted in larger fiber diameters, ranging from 369-1403 nm with an average value of 929 ± 175 nm. The highest porosity percentage was (77.27 ± 11.57) %, and a sufficient degradation rate of up to 3.5 months facilitated the proliferation process of osteoblast cells. Tensile strength assessments revealed a significant increase in tensile strength with the addition of PCL, reaching a peak of 1.93 MPa. The MTT assay demonstrated a discernible increase in cell proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell viability percentages on days 1, 3, and 5. Concurrently, the fluorescence microscopy examination indicated an increase in cell numbers, which was especially noticeable on days 1 and 5. The SEM analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold, as osteoblast cells attached and dispersed successfully five days after seeding. Based on these findings, the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold emerges as a very promising candidate for treating bone damage.
一种解决骨缺损的方法涉及骨组织工程领域，其中支架起着重要作用。支架的特性必须与天然骨的特性相似，包括孔径、孔隙率、连通性、力学属性、降解速率、无毒性、非免疫原性和生物相容性。本研究的主要目标如下：第一，基于官能团、纤维直径、孔隙率和降解速率评估羟基磷灰石（HA）/聚己内酯（PCL）/明胶纳米纤维支架；第二，使用包括细胞活力和黏附水平在内的检测方法，研究HA/PCL/明胶支架与成骨细胞（具体为美国典型培养物保藏中心7F2细胞系）之间的相互作用。纤维样品采用静电纺丝技术制备，电压为15 kV，喷丝头与收集器的距离为10 cm，流速为0.3 mL/小时。该工艺应用于五种不同的HA/PCL/明胶浓度比：50∶40∶10；50∶30∶20；50∶25∶25；50∶20∶30；50∶35∶15（重量百分比）。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分析和测试表明，这五种组合物的官能团没有差异。鉴定出的官能团包括PO、OH、CO和C═O伸缩振动。值得注意的是，PCL浓度的增加导致纤维直径增大，范围为369 - 1403 nm，平均值为929±175 nm。最高孔隙率为（77.27±11.57）%，高达3.5个月的足够降解速率促进了成骨细胞的增殖过程。拉伸强度评估表明，添加PCL后拉伸强度显著增加，达到峰值1.93 MPa。MTT检测显示细胞增殖有明显增加，第1天、第3天和第5天细胞活力百分比增加证明了这一点。同时，荧光显微镜检查表明细胞数量增加，在第1天和第5天尤为明显。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析证实了HA/PCL/明胶纳米纤维支架的生物相容性，因为接种五天后成骨细胞成功附着并分散。基于这些发现，HA/PCL/明胶纳米纤维支架成为治疗骨损伤的非常有前景的候选材料。
