Salnikov Lev
AntiCA Biomed, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Aging. 2024 Jul 29;5:1429156. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1429156. eCollection 2024.
The article gives a brief description of geroprotection and rejuvenation methods known to date, presenting their main mechanisms and limitations. To overcome the main limitations of the process of rejuvenation, it is possible to use a process called "cell autocloning." The principle of the proposed method of rejuvenation is as follows: a periodic process of autocloning of the cell nucleus is initiated in the cellular genome with the formation of one unstable daughter copy and its subsequent self-elimination. In this case, the process of cell division stops in the phase of nuclei divergence without subsequent physical separation of the cell itself. This is especially important for postmitotic cells, where the looping of the "unidirectional" line of the ontogenesis program into a "ring" will mean their transition into renewable cells. The prototype for autocloning mechanisms could be the already known ways in which cells adapt to the increasing amount of their damage over time. These are polyploidy and asymmetric cell division, relying on which it is possible to obtain a renewable process of cell nuclei division, when only the original nucleus remains as a result of division. Although this is not a simple task, there are possible pathways to its solution using approaches that can suggest modern knowledge from the field of molecular and cell biology and genetics. The realization of such a goal will require a lot of work, but the expected result justifies it.
本文简要介绍了目前已知的老年保护和恢复活力的方法，阐述了其主要机制和局限性。为克服恢复活力过程的主要局限性，可以采用一种名为“细胞自体克隆”的过程。所提出的恢复活力方法的原理如下：在细胞基因组中启动细胞核的周期性自体克隆过程，形成一个不稳定的子代拷贝并随后自我消除。在这种情况下，细胞分裂在细胞核分离阶段停止，而细胞本身随后不会进行物理分离。这对于有丝分裂后细胞尤为重要，在这些细胞中，个体发育程序的“单向”线环化形成“环”将意味着它们转变为可再生细胞。自体克隆机制的原型可能是细胞随着时间推移适应其不断增加的损伤量的已知方式。这些方式是多倍体和不对称细胞分裂，依靠它们有可能获得细胞核分裂的可再生过程，即分裂后仅原始细胞核保留。尽管这不是一项简单的任务，但利用分子和细胞生物学以及遗传学领域的现代知识提示的方法，有可能找到解决途径。实现这样一个目标需要大量工作，但预期结果是值得的。
