Rautela Kuldeep Singh, Singh Shivam, Goyal Manish Kumar
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34625-8.
This study focuses on understanding how aerosols are transported over long distances, especially during extreme events. Leveraging the integrated vapour transport (IVT) based atmospheric river (AR) algorithm to integrated aerosol transport (IAT) to detect the aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) for key aerosol species such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), dust (DU), sea salt (SS), and sulphate (SU). The present study also assesses the occurrence, intensity, and societal impacts of AARs globally during 2015-2022 on a spatiotemporal resolution of 1.5° × 1.5° and 6 h, respectively. The detection algorithm found a total number of 128,261 AARs found globally for key aerosol species. However, the availability of BC, OC, and SU AARs is most common and intense in densely populated areas like the Indus-Brahmaputra-Ganga (IBG) plains (~ 15-20 AAR days/year), Eastern China (~ 25-40 AAR days/year), and Japan (~ 20-30 AAR days/year), where human activities including agriculture burning contribute to their formation. DU AARs, on the other hand, are more prevalent in Northern Africa (~ 15 AAR days/year), the Gulf (~ 5-10 AAR days/year), the USA, and the Amazon rainforests. SS AARs share similar characteristics with atmospheric rivers and are more intense in higher latitudes and over the oceans (~ 30-40 AAR days/year). The study also validates its findings by analysing recent extreme events involving BC and DU worldwide. The potential applications of specific AARs could assist us in identifying the causes of snow darkening, reducing snow cover area, and accelerating melting rate. Moreover, AARs could aid in quantifying the health risks associated with severe air pollution.
本研究聚焦于理解气溶胶如何进行长距离传输，尤其是在极端事件期间。利用基于综合水汽输送（IVT）的大气河流（AR）算法与综合气溶胶输送（IAT）相结合，来检测关键气溶胶物种（如黑碳（BC）、有机碳（OC）、沙尘（DU）、海盐（SS）和硫酸盐（SU））的气溶胶大气河流（AARs）。本研究还评估了2015 - 2022年期间全球AARs的发生情况、强度及其社会影响，时空分辨率分别为1.5°×1.5°和6小时。该检测算法在全球范围内共发现了128,261条关键气溶胶物种的AARs。然而，BC、OC和SU的AARs在人口密集地区最为常见且强烈，如印度河 - 雅鲁藏布江 - 恒河（IBG）平原（每年约15 - 20个AAR日）、中国东部（每年约25 - 40个AAR日）和日本（每年约20 - 30个AAR日），这些地区包括农业焚烧在内的人类活动促成了它们的形成。另一方面，DU的AARs在北非（每年约15个AAR日）、海湾地区（每年约5 - 10个AAR日）、美国和亚马逊雨林更为普遍。SS的AARs与大气河流具有相似特征，在高纬度地区和海洋上更为强烈（每年约30 - 40个AAR日）。该研究还通过分析近期全球涉及BC和DU的极端事件来验证其研究结果。特定AARs的潜在应用可以帮助我们确定雪变黑的原因、减少积雪面积并加快融化速度。此外，AARs有助于量化与严重空气污染相关的健康风险。
