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支持加拿大护士提供虚拟护理的资源:环境扫描。

Resources to Support Canadian Nurses to Deliver Virtual Care: Environmental Scan.

机构信息

Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

出版信息

JMIR Med Educ. 2024 Aug 13;10:e53254. doi: 10.2196/53254.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Regulatory and professional nursing associations have an important role in ensuring that nurses provide safe, competent, and ethical care and are capable of adapting to emerging phenomena that influence society and population health needs. Telehealth and more recently virtual care are 2 digital health modalities that have gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth refers to telecommunications and digital communication technologies used to deliver health care, support health care provider and patient education, and facilitate self-care. Virtual care facilitates the delivery of health care services via any remote communication between patients and health care providers and among health care providers, either synchronously or asynchronously, through information and communication technologies. Despite nurses' adaptability to delivering virtual care, many have also reported challenges.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe resources about virtual care, digital health, and nursing informatics (ie, practice guidelines and fact sheets) available to Canadian nurses through their regulatory and professional associations.

METHODS

An environmental scan was conducted between March and July 2023. The websites of nursing regulatory bodies across 13 Canadian provinces and territories and relevant nursing and a few nonnursing professional associations were searched. Data were extracted from the websites of these organizations to map out educational materials, training opportunities, and guidelines made available for nurses to learn and adapt to the ongoing digitalization of the health care system. Information from each source was summarized and analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach to identify categories and themes. The Virtual Health Competency Framework was applied to support the analysis process.

RESULTS

Seven themes were identified: (1) types of resources available about virtual care, (2) terminologies used in virtual care resources, (3) currency of virtual care resources identified, (4) requirements for providing virtual care between provinces, (5) resources through professional nursing associations and other relevant organizations, (6) regulatory guidance versus competency in virtual care, and (7) resources about digital health and nursing informatics. Results also revealed that practice guidance for delivering telehealth existed before the COVID-19 pandemic, but it was further expanded during the pandemic. Differences were noted across available resources with respect to terms used (eg, telenursing, telehealth, or virtual care), types of documents (eg, guideline vs fact sheet), and the depth of information shared. Only 2 associations provided comprehensive telenursing practice guidelines. Resources relative to digital health and nursing informatics exist, but variations between provinces were also noted.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of telehealth and virtual care services is becoming mainstream in Canadian health care. Despite variations across jurisdictions, the existing nursing practice guidance resources for delivering telehealth and virtual care are substantial and can serve as a beginning step for developing a standardized set of practice requirements or competencies to inform nursing practice and the education of future nurses.

摘要

背景

监管和专业护理协会在确保护士提供安全、有能力和符合伦理的护理方面发挥着重要作用,并且能够适应影响社会和人口健康需求的新兴现象。远程医疗和最近的虚拟护理是两种在 COVID-19 大流行期间获得发展动力的数字健康模式。远程医疗是指使用电信和数字通信技术提供医疗保健、支持医疗保健提供者和患者教育,并促进自我保健。虚拟护理通过患者和医疗保健提供者之间以及医疗保健提供者之间的任何远程通信,通过信息和通信技术,便利医疗保健服务的提供,无论是同步还是异步。尽管护士能够适应提供虚拟护理,但许多护士也报告了挑战。

目的

本研究旨在描述加拿大护士通过其监管和专业协会可获得的有关虚拟护理、数字健康和护理信息学(即实践指南和情况说明书)的资源。

方法

在 2023 年 3 月至 7 月期间进行了环境扫描。搜索了加拿大 13 个省和地区的护理监管机构以及相关护理和一些非护理专业协会的网站。从这些组织的网站中提取数据,以绘制出教育材料、培训机会和准则,供护士学习和适应医疗保健系统的持续数字化。使用归纳内容分析方法对来自每个来源的信息进行总结和分析,以确定类别和主题。应用虚拟健康能力框架来支持分析过程。

结果

确定了七个主题:(1)有关虚拟护理的可用资源类型,(2)虚拟护理资源中使用的术语,(3)确定的虚拟护理资源的时效性,(4)各省之间提供虚拟护理的要求,(5)通过专业护理协会和其他相关组织提供的资源,(6)监管指导与虚拟护理能力,以及(7)数字健康和护理信息学资源。结果还表明,在 COVID-19 大流行之前就已经存在提供远程医疗的实践指南,但在大流行期间进一步扩大了。在可用资源方面,术语的使用(例如,远程护理、远程医疗或虚拟护理)、文件类型(例如,指南与情况说明书)以及共享信息的深度存在差异。只有 2 个协会提供了全面的远程护理实践指南。存在与数字健康和护理信息学相关的资源,但各省之间也存在差异。

结论

在加拿大医疗保健中,远程医疗和虚拟护理服务的使用正在成为主流。尽管司法管辖区之间存在差异,但现有的远程医疗和虚拟护理护理实践指导资源数量相当可观,可以作为制定一套标准化实践要求或能力的起点,以告知护理实践和未来护士的教育。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cd70/11350304/3da1df427714/mededu_v10i1e53254_fig1.jpg

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