Soud Lek. 2024;69(2):14-19.
Avalanche fatalities are quite rare in the Czech Republic. Due to the presence of avalanche fields in the two Czech mountains, forensic pathologists at some forensic medicine departments may encounter this specific mechanism of accidental death. The authors summarize medicolegal aspects of deaths in avalanches in the territory of the Czech Republic for the twenty-three-year period between 1993-2015. Ten avalanche fatalities were recorded during study period. The studied group consisted of nine male and one female victims. The average age of the deceased was 27.9 years. Skiers or ski-alpinists died in the avalanche in five cases (50%), climbers in two cases (20%), snowboarders in one case (10%), cross-country skiers in one case (10%) and in one case it was a fatality of child playing on a snowy hill (10%). The cause of death was suffocation in four cases (40%), blunt trauma in four cases (40%), and in the remaining two cases it was the survival of trapped persons several hours after being rescued from the avalanche in the hospital; both victims subsequently died as a result of prolonged shock (20%) due to a combination of prolonged suffocation and hypothermia. The time interval from the fall of the avalanche to the rescue of the trapped person was in the range of minutes to 3 hours. The presence of alcohol or drugs was not detected in any studied case.
在捷克共和国，雪崩致死的情况非常罕见。由于在捷克的两座山脉中存在雪崩区，一些法医学部门的法医病理学家可能会遇到这种特定的意外死亡机制。作者总结了 1993 年至 2015 年 23 年间捷克境内雪崩相关的法医学方面。在此期间记录了 10 起雪崩致死事件。研究组由 9 名男性和 1 名女性受害者组成。死者的平均年龄为 27.9 岁。在 5 起（50%）雪崩中遇难的是滑雪者或滑雪登山者，2 起（20%）是登山者，1 起（10%）是单板滑雪者，1 起（10%）是越野滑雪者，1 起（10%）是在雪山上玩耍的儿童。4 起（40%）的死因是窒息，4 起（40%）是钝器外伤，其余 2 起是被困者在医院从雪崩中获救数小时后幸存下来；由于长时间窒息和体温过低的综合影响，两名受害者随后都因长时间休克而死亡（20%）。从雪崩发生到救出被困者的时间间隔从几分钟到 3 小时不等。在任何研究案例中都未检测到酒精或毒品的存在。
