Saeed Muhammad, Naveed Muhammad, BiBi Jannat, Kamboh Asghar A, Arain Muhammad A, Shah Qurban A, Alagawany Mahmoud, El-Hack Mohamed E A, Abdel-Latif Mervat A, Yatoo Mohd I, Tiwari Ruchi, Chakraborty Sandip, Dhama Kuldeep
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 71200, China.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2018;12(1):24-38. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180221154713.
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), is a shrub mostly available in the Mediterranean Sea region. The fruits have gained the substantial attention among researchers due to their promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, immune modulatory, antitumor, wound healing and antifungal that have been attributed to various constituents of seeds, bark, juice, pericarp, and leaf of this tree across the globe. The phenolic compounds of pomegranate have been documented to possess numbers of prophylactic and therapeutic utilities against various pathological infections as well as non-infectious disorders.
The current review expedites the pharmacological role of Punica granatum L. in curing elements related to infectious and non-infectious disorders.
The current review is based on literature and patents already available on various scientific databases highlighting the role of Punica granatum along with its therapeutic potentials against infectious and non-infectious disorders. The databases included under study were PubMed, Med line, PubMed Central, Science Direct and few other scientific databases. The information obtained through these diverse databases is compiled, critically interpreted and presented in the current study.
Multi-dimensional beneficial application of pomegranate plant is recorded. The pomegranate seed oil has phytoestrogenic compounds and the fruit is rich in phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity. The fruit and bark of pomegranate are used against intestinal parasites, dysentery, and diarrhea in different animals and human models. Since the ancient time the juice and seeds had considered the best therapy for throat and heart disorders. Ellagic acid is one of the main components of pomegranate with potent antioxidant activity. Results from different studies reported that Punica granatum L or its byproducts can be used as natural food additives in human and animal nutrition in order to boost immunity, microbial safety and provide the housing environment without affecting body weight gain. In addition, Punica granatum L. byproducts can modulate immune function and gut microbiota of broiler chickens as well as reduce the odorous gas emissions from excreta. Naturally occurring polyphenols in a pomegranate can be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention of avian Colibacillosis diseases and can also be used as an intestine astringent to relieve diarrhea and enteritis in chickens.
The present review gives the insight towards major components of pomegranate as well as their pharmacological activities against pathological disorders. In spite of many beneficial properties of Punica granatum L., more research evidence on a molecular basis is needed to find out the molecular mechanism of action in various animals and human models to validate the usefulness of Punica granatum L. as a potent therapeutic agent.
石榴（Punica granatum L.）是一种主要生长在地中海地区的灌木。其果实因其具有抗炎、抗菌、止泻、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、伤口愈合和抗真菌等多种生物活性而备受研究人员关注，这些活性归因于该植物种子、树皮、果汁、果皮和树叶中的各种成分，在全球范围内均有相关研究。石榴中的酚类化合物已被证明对多种病理感染以及非感染性疾病具有多种预防和治疗作用。
本综述旨在阐述石榴在治疗感染性和非感染性疾病方面的药理作用。
本综述基于各种科学数据库中已有的文献和专利，重点介绍了石榴的作用及其对感染性和非感染性疾病的治疗潜力。所研究的数据库包括PubMed、Medline、PubMed Central、Science Direct以及其他一些科学数据库。通过这些不同数据库获取的信息在本研究中进行了整理、批判性解读并呈现。
记录了石榴植物多方面的有益应用。石榴籽油含有植物雌激素化合物，果实富含具有强抗氧化活性的酚类化合物。石榴的果实和树皮在不同动物和人体模型中用于对抗肠道寄生虫、痢疾和腹泻。自古以来，果汁和种子就被认为是治疗咽喉和心脏疾病的最佳疗法。鞣花酸是石榴的主要成分之一，具有强大的抗氧化活性。不同研究结果表明，石榴或其副产品可作为天然食品添加剂用于人和动物营养，以增强免疫力、保障微生物安全性并提供居住环境，且不影响体重增加量。此外，石榴副产品可调节肉鸡的免疫功能和肠道微生物群，还可减少排泄物产生的臭气排放。石榴中天然存在的多酚可能是预防禽大肠杆菌病的潜在替代药物，也可作为肠道收敛剂缓解鸡的腹泻和肠炎。
本综述阐述了石榴的主要成分及其对病理疾病的药理活性。尽管石榴有许多有益特性，但仍需要更多基于分子层面的研究证据来找出其在各种动物和人体模型中的分子作用机制，以验证石榴作为一种有效治疗剂的有效性。
