Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Psychol Res. 2023 Jun;87(4):1085-1100. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01711-w. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
We are frequently exposed to situations where we need to remember important information when our attentional resources are divided; however, it was previously unclear how divided attention impacts responsible remembering: selective memory for important information to avoid consequences for forgetting. In the present study, we examined participants' memory for valuable information, metacognitive accuracy, and goal-directed cognitive control mechanisms when under full and divided attention. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with words paired with point values counting towards their score if recalled but were required to "bet" on whether they would remember it. Results revealed that selective memory for high-value information was impaired under divided attention. In Experiment 2, we presented participants with unassociated word pairs and solicited metacognitive predictions of recall (i.e., JOLs). Results revealed that the relative accuracy of participants' metacognitive judgments was enhanced when studying under divided attention. Experiment 3 examined cognitive control mechanisms to selectively remember goal-relevant information at the expense of information that could potentially be offloaded (i.e., responsible forgetting). Results revealed that participants' ability to strategically prioritize goal-relevant information at the expense of information that could be offloaded was preserved under divided attention. Collectively, responsible attention encompasses how attentional resources impact one's ability to engage in responsible remembering and we demonstrate that responsible remembering can be impaired, enhanced, and preserved in certain contexts.
我们经常会遇到需要在注意力分散的情况下记住重要信息的情况；然而，之前并不清楚注意力分散会如何影响负责任的记忆：选择性地记住重要信息，以避免因遗忘而产生后果。在本研究中，我们考察了参与者在全神贯注和注意力分散两种情况下对有价值信息的记忆、元认知准确性和目标导向的认知控制机制。在实验 1 中，参与者会看到与分值配对的单词，如果回忆起来就可以得分，但他们需要“下注”是否能记住。结果表明，在注意力分散的情况下，对高价值信息的选择性记忆受到了损害。在实验 2 中，我们向参与者呈现不相关的单词对，并要求他们对回忆进行元认知预测（即 JOL）。结果表明，在注意力分散的情况下，参与者元认知判断的相对准确性得到了提高。实验 3 考察了认知控制机制，以有选择地记住与目标相关的信息，而忽略可能被卸载的信息（即负责任的遗忘）。结果表明，参与者以牺牲可能被卸载的信息为代价，有策略地优先考虑目标相关信息的能力在注意力分散的情况下得到了保留。总的来说，负责任的注意力包括注意力资源如何影响人们参与负责任的记忆的能力，我们证明了在某些情况下，负责任的记忆可能会受到损害、增强和保留。
