Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(39):52017-52031. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34608-9. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
The present study provides information on the effects of BPA on ROS production-related phenomena in the chlorophytes Ulva rigida and U. intestinalis, and on the mechanism they establish against BPA toxicity, at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1-3 μg L). Up-regulated HO generation seems to be a key factor causing oxidative damage. Interspecific differences, in terms of the mechanism and the temporal response to BPA toxicity were observed. BPA effects on U. rigida were more intense and appeared earlier (on 1D at 0.1 μg L) compared to U. intestinalis and mostly after 7D (LOEC: 0.3 μg L, Terminal time, Tt: 7D). In U. rigida, on 1-5D, the 'mosaic' type effect patterns ('models' 3A/3B) with 'unaffected' and 'affected' areas (dark content, positive HDCF-DA staining signal/HO production and chlorophyll autofluorescence signal loss) indicated a time-dependent manner. After 7D, only U. rigida cells with dark content formed aggregates, showing positive HO production ('model' 4) or in some cells oxidative damages triggering retrograde signaling in the neighboring 'unaffected' areas ('model' 5). HO overproduction (CTCF ratio) in U. rigida, on 1D at the lowest concentration and after 7D at 0.3-1/3 μg L, respectively, seems to stimulate (poly)phenolic production, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. U. intestinalis did not display severe BPA impact (i.e., 'models' 4, 5) at any exposures, although at a later time indicated a lower LOEC (0.1 μg L, Tt: 9D) than that in U. rigida. In U. intestinalis, HO production does not appear to stimulate high (poly)phenolic amounts.
本研究提供了有关 BPA 在绿藻石莼和肠浒苔中与 ROS 产生相关现象的影响的信息，以及它们在环境相关浓度（0.1-3μg/L）下建立的针对 BPA 毒性的机制。上调的 HO 生成似乎是导致氧化损伤的关键因素。在种间差异方面，观察到了对 BPA 毒性的机制和时间响应的差异。与 U. intestinalis 相比，BPA 对 U. rigida 的影响更为强烈且更早出现（在 0.1μg/L 时的第 1 天），主要发生在第 7 天之后（LOEC：0.3μg/L，终端时间 Tt：7 天）。在 U. rigida 中，在第 1-5 天，具有“未受影响”和“受影响”区域（深色内容，阳性 HDCF-DA 染色信号/HO 生成和叶绿素自发荧光信号丢失）的“马赛克”型效应模式（“模型”3A/3B）指示了时间依赖性。第 7 天后，只有具有深色内容的 U. rigida 细胞形成聚集体，表现出阳性 HO 生成（“模型”4），或者在一些细胞中氧化损伤引发相邻“未受影响”区域中的逆行信号（“模型”5）。在 U. rigida 中，在最低浓度的第 1 天和在 0.3-1/3μg/L 的第 7 天后，HO 过度生成（CTCF 比值）似乎分别以剂量和时间依赖性方式刺激（多）酚类物质的产生。在任何暴露下，U. intestinalis 都没有表现出严重的 BPA 影响（即“模型”4、5），尽管在较晚的时间显示出较低的 LOEC（0.1μg/L，Tt：9 天），低于 U. rigida 的 LOEC。在 U. intestinalis 中，HO 生成似乎不会刺激大量（多）酚类物质的产生。
