Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 14;230(Supplement_1):S82-S86. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae202.
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by Ixodes spp ticks. The rise in Lyme disease cases since its discovery in the 1970s has reinforced the need for a vaccine. A vaccine based on B burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) several decades ago, but was pulled from the market a few years later, reportedly due to poor sales, despite multiple organizations concluding that it was safe and effective. Newer OspA-based vaccines are being developed and are likely to be available in the coming years. More recently, there has been a push to develop vaccines that target the tick vector instead of the pathogen to inhibit tick feeding and thus prevent transmission of tick-borne pathogens to humans and wildlife reservoirs. This review outlines the history of Lyme disease vaccines and this movement to anti-tick vaccine approaches.
莱姆病是由伯氏疏螺旋体引起的，伯氏疏螺旋体通过硬蜱属的蜱传播。自 20 世纪 70 年代发现莱姆病以来，该病的病例不断增加，这促使人们更加需要开发一种疫苗。几十年前，一种基于伯氏疏螺旋体外表面蛋白 A（OspA）的疫苗获得了美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的批准，但几年后因销售不佳而退出市场，尽管多个组织的结论是它是安全有效的。目前正在开发新的基于 OspA 的疫苗，预计在未来几年内将会上市。最近，人们一直在努力开发针对蜱媒介而不是病原体的疫苗，以抑制蜱的取食，从而防止蜱传播的病原体传播给人类和野生动物宿主。这篇综述概述了莱姆病疫苗的历史以及向抗蜱疫苗方法的转变。
