Burri Pascal, Chatziisaak Dimitrios, Sparn Moritz, Bischofberger Stephan
Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Endokrin- und Transplantationschirurgie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Schweiz.
Département de Chirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Schweiz.
Chirurgie (Heidelb). 2025 Mar;96(3):236-242. doi: 10.1007/s00104-024-02153-3. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
Traditional surgical training and further education has historically involved long working hours and hands-on experience within the framework of a teacher-apprentice relationship; however, changes in regulatory policy in the USA and subsequently in Switzerland and the European Union from 2003, led to restrictions in the working hours of medical residents. As a result the traditional method of surgical training "see one, do one, teach one" has come under scrutiny, prompting a search for alternative training methods beyond the confines of the operating theater.
This publication highlights the possibilities and limitations associated with the use of virtual reality (VR) and gamification in surgical training and further education. It examines the ability of these technological resources to enhance the effectiveness and engagement of medical residents and the feasibility of incorporating them into the surgical training curriculum.
The study was based on a literature search for current developments in surgical training, VR and gamification. Furthermore, various studies and projects that investigated the use of VR and gamification in medical training and further education were analyzed.
In this investigation it could be shown that the use of VR reduces the perioperative risks and improves the training environment and learning. The use of gamification also increases the motivation and engagement of the medical residents. As a result the quality of medical education can be improved by the fusion of VR and gamification.
传统的外科培训和继续教育历来涉及长时间工作以及在师徒关系框架内的实践经验；然而，美国自2003年起，随后瑞士和欧盟也相继出台监管政策，限制了住院医师的工作时长。因此，传统的外科培训方法“看一个，做一个，教一个”受到了审视，促使人们在手术室之外寻找替代培训方法。
本出版物重点介绍了在外科培训和继续教育中使用虚拟现实（VR）和游戏化的可能性及局限性。它探讨了这些技术资源提高住院医师培训效果和参与度的能力，以及将它们纳入外科培训课程的可行性。
该研究基于对外科培训、VR和游戏化当前发展的文献检索。此外，还分析了各种调查VR和游戏化在医学培训及继续教育中应用的研究和项目。
在本次调查中可以表明，VR的使用降低了围手术期风险，改善了培训环境和学习效果。游戏化的使用也提高了住院医师的积极性和参与度。因此，VR与游戏化的融合可以提高医学教育质量。
