Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Immunity. 2024 Aug 13;57(8):1752-1768. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.009.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as ectosomes and exosomes, contain DNA, RNA, proteins and are encased in a phospholipid bilayer. EVs provide intralumenal cargo for delivery into the cytoplasm of recipient cells with an impact on the function of immune cells, in part because their biogenesis can also intersect with antigen processing and presentation. Motile EVs from activated immune cells may increase the frequency of immune synapses on recipient cells in a proximity-independent manner for local and long-distance modulation of systemic immunity in inflammation, autoimmunity, organ fibrosis, cancer, and infections. Natural and engineered EVs exhibit the ability to impact innate and adaptive immunity and are entering clinical trials. EVs are likely a component of an optimally functioning immune system, with the potential to serve as immunotherapeutics. Considering the evolving evidence, it is possible that EVs could be the original primordial organic units that preceded the creation of the first cell.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），如外泌体和微囊泡，含有 DNA、RNA、蛋白质，并被包裹在一个磷脂双分子层中。EVs 提供了胞内货物，通过影响免疫细胞的功能而被递送到受体细胞的细胞质中，部分原因是它们的生物发生也可以与抗原加工和呈递相交。来自激活的免疫细胞的可移动 EVs 可以以不依赖于邻近性的方式增加受体细胞上免疫突触的频率，从而在炎症、自身免疫、器官纤维化、癌症和感染中进行局部和远距离的全身免疫调节。天然和工程 EVs 表现出影响先天和适应性免疫的能力，并正在进入临床试验。EVs 可能是最佳功能免疫系统的组成部分，具有作为免疫疗法的潜力。考虑到不断发展的证据，EVs 可能是原始有机单位，早于第一个细胞的出现。
