Wei Xiaodan, Wang Chi, Chen Xiangyan, Zhu Yuanyuan, Yang Mei, Li Ningxi, Huang Honglin, Zhang Guangjian, Zhang Mingzhen, Liu Yiyao, Gao Rui
Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Sep;12(33):e07952. doi: 10.1002/advs.202507952. Epub 2025 Jul 2.
The advent of nanomedicine is profoundly revolutionizing conventional paradigms in cancer therapeutics. Selected formulations encompassing lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles have already attained regulatory approval for clinical treatment. Nonetheless, achieving precise spatiotemporal control of exogenous nanomedicine within intricate physiological environments remains a formidable challenge. Drawing inspiration from evolutionarily optimized natural biological architectures, the development of biomembrane-derived nanostructures with unique biological activities provides a new impetus for designing personalized antitumor drugs. Biomembrane-derived constituents, particularly cell membrane, extracellular vesicles, and other bioactive payloads, have inherited their precise targeting, specific tumor killing, and dynamic tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments remodeling properties in antitumor intervention. Here, the diverse biomembrane engineering strategies to equip the biomembrane with plentiful functionalities are highlighted. Moreover, the cutting-edge innovations of mammalian cells/bacteria/plants-derived biomembrane nanostructures and their applications for advancing cancer nanomedicine development are systematically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities are proposed to realize the whole potential of biomembrane nanomedicine toward clinical transformation.
纳米医学的出现正在深刻地变革癌症治疗的传统模式。包括脂质纳米颗粒和聚合物纳米颗粒在内的某些制剂已获得临床治疗的监管批准。然而，在复杂的生理环境中实现对外源纳米医学的精确时空控制仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。从经过进化优化的天然生物结构中汲取灵感，开发具有独特生物活性的生物膜衍生纳米结构为设计个性化抗肿瘤药物提供了新的动力。生物膜衍生成分，特别是细胞膜、细胞外囊泡和其他生物活性载荷，在抗肿瘤干预中继承了其精确靶向、特异性肿瘤杀伤和动态重塑肿瘤免疫抑制微环境的特性。在此，重点介绍了使生物膜具备丰富功能的多种生物膜工程策略。此外，还系统综述了哺乳动物细胞/细菌/植物衍生的生物膜纳米结构的前沿创新及其在推进癌症纳米医学发展中的应用。最后，提出了当前的挑战和未来的机遇，以实现生物膜纳米医学向临床转化的全部潜力。
