Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Nov 1;364:295-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.046. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses significant public health challenges globally and in Southeast Asia, with substantial impairment and disease burden. Understanding its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for effective intervention.
This study aims to describe the prevalence shifts, correlates, and comorbidities of MDD in Singapore. Data were collected from the second Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS 2016), a national cross-sectional survey comprising 6126 adult residents. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed MDD and comorbidities. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were conducted to examine the associations and trends.
The lifetime weighted prevalence of MDD in SMHS 2016 was 6.2 %, with an overall increase from 5.8 % in 2010. Significant associations were found between MDD and age, marital status, and comorbid physical disorders. Young adults and divorced/separated individuals exhibited higher MDD prevalence. Chronic pain was significantly associated with MDD.
The study's cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and selective non-response might affect prevalence estimates. However, the study benefits from a large, nationally representative sample and standardized methodologies.
Young and middle-aged adults, and divorced/separated individuals demonstrate elevated MDD prevalence, warranting targeted interventions. Individuals with comorbidities, particularly chronic pain, constitute a high-risk and vulnerable population. Comprehensive assessment and treatment plans should involve multidisciplinary teams and integrated care approaches to better address the complex needs of these individuals. Our study also highlights specific interventions for schools, families, communities, and workplaces. Despite Singapore's relatively low prevalence compared to Western nations, MDD remains cross-culturally valid emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive public health measures.
重度抑郁症（MDD）在全球和东南亚地区都构成了重大的公共卫生挑战，其导致了大量的损伤和疾病负担。了解其患病率及其相关的风险因素对于有效的干预至关重要。
本研究旨在描述新加坡 MDD 的患病率变化、相关因素和共病情况。数据来自第二次新加坡心理健康研究（SMHS 2016），这是一项全国性的横断面调查，包含了 6126 名成年居民。使用世界卫生组织综合国际诊断访谈评估 MDD 和共病情况。进行了统计学分析，包括逻辑回归，以检验关联和趋势。
SMHS 2016 中的终生加权 MDD 患病率为 6.2%，总体呈上升趋势，从 2010 年的 5.8%上升。MDD 与年龄、婚姻状况和共患躯体疾病有显著关联。年轻成年人和离婚/分居者的 MDD 患病率较高。慢性疼痛与 MDD 显著相关。
研究的横断面设计限制了因果推断，选择性无应答可能影响患病率估计。然而，该研究受益于大型的、全国代表性的样本和标准化的方法。
年轻和中年成年人以及离婚/分居者的 MDD 患病率较高，需要进行针对性的干预。共病者，尤其是慢性疼痛患者，构成了高风险和脆弱的人群。综合评估和治疗计划应包括多学科团队和综合护理方法，以更好地满足这些人群的复杂需求。我们的研究还强调了针对学校、家庭、社区和工作场所的特定干预措施。尽管与西方国家相比，新加坡的患病率相对较低，但 MDD 在跨文化上仍然有效，强调了早期干预和预防公共卫生措施的必要性。
