Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:339-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.032. Epub 2020 May 21.
Prevalence estimates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (BSD) remain scant in Southeast Asia. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of BSD, its correlates with sociodemographic factors, and the associations between the BSD subgroups and clinical severity, impairment, and disability in Singapore.
This study utilizes data gathered from the second Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS)- a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted between 2016 and 2018 (response rate: 69.5%). Respondents were randomly selected and administered, in a single visit, interviewer-led surveys of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) in their preferred language (i.e. Chinese, Malay, Tamil, or English). A total of 6126 residents completed the study.
The lifetime weighted prevalence of BSD, Bipolar I, II, and subthreshold bipolar disorder was 3.1%, 1.5%, 0.03%, and 1.6% respectively. A higher prevalence of Bipolar Disorders (BPD) was significantly associated with younger age, being divorced or separated, and being unemployed. Lifetime comorbidity of BSD with at least one other psychiatric or physical condition was 45% and 51% respectively. BSD was most comorbid with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (psychiatric condition) and Chronic pain (physical condition).
This study relies on self-report data which may be subject to unintended response biases leading to the under or over-reporting of results.
In addition to the high prevalence of BPD, there is also a concerning shift and increase in the proportion of those who experience severe symptoms of mania/hypomania and depression. Subthreshold bipolar disorder is found to be clinically significant and cross-culturally valid in a multi-cultural setting.
双相情感障碍（BSD）在东南亚的流行率估计仍然很少。本研究旨在调查 BSD 在新加坡的流行率、与社会人口因素的相关性，以及 BSD 亚组与临床严重程度、障碍和残疾的相关性。
本研究利用了 2016 年至 2018 年期间进行的第二次新加坡精神健康研究（SMHS）的数据-这是一项全国性的横断面调查（应答率：69.5%）。在一次单独的访问中，以受访者首选的语言（即中文、马来语、泰米尔语或英语）对他们进行了由访谈者主导的世界卫生组织复合国际诊断访谈第 3.0 版（CIDI 3.0）的调查。共有 6126 名居民完成了这项研究。
BSD、双相 I 型、II 型和亚阈值双相障碍的终身加权患病率分别为 3.1%、1.5%、0.03%和 1.6%。双相情感障碍的患病率较高与年龄较小、离婚或分居以及失业显著相关。BSD 的终生共病率至少有一种其他精神或身体状况分别为 45%和 51%。BSD 与强迫症（精神疾病）和慢性疼痛（身体疾病）的共病率最高。
本研究依赖于自我报告数据，这些数据可能会受到无意识的反应偏差的影响，导致结果的低估或高估。
除了双相情感障碍的高患病率外，还有一个令人担忧的趋势和增加，即那些经历严重躁狂/轻躁狂和抑郁症状的人的比例增加。亚阈值双相障碍在多文化环境中具有临床意义和跨文化有效性。
