Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
Anal Chim Acta. 2024 Sep 1;1320:342985. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342985. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
There is widespread interest in the design of portable electrochemical sensors for the selective monitoring of biomolecules. Dopamine (DA) is one of the neurotransmitter molecules that play a key role in the monitoring of some neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Facile synthesis of the highly active surface interface to design a portable electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective monitoring of biomolecules (i.e., DA) in its resources such as human fluids is highly required.
The designed sensor is based on a three-dimensional phosphorous and sulfur resembling a g-CN hornet's nest (3D-PS-doped CNHN). The morphological structure of 3D-PS-doped CNHN features multi-open gates and numerous vacant voids, presenting a novel design reminiscent of a hornet's nest. The outer surface exhibits a heterogeneous structure with a wave orientation and rough surface texture. Each gate structure takes on a hexagonal shape with a wall size of approximately 100 nm. These structural characteristics, including high surface area and hierarchical design, facilitate the diffusion of electrolytes and enhance the binding and high loading of DA molecules on both inner and outer surfaces. The multifunctional nature of g-CN, incorporating phosphorous and sulfur atoms, contributes to a versatile surface that improves DA binding. Additionally, the phosphate and sulfate groups' functionalities enhance sensing properties, thereby outlining selectivity. The resulting portable 3D-PS-doped CNHN sensor demonstrates high sensitivity with a low limit of detection (7.8 nM) and a broad linear range spanning from 10 to 500 nM.
The portable DA sensor based on the 3D-PS-doped CNHN/SPCE exhibits excellent recovery of DA molecules in human fluids, such as human serum and urine samples, demonstrating high stability and good reproducibility. The designed portable DA sensor could find utility in the detection of DA in clinical samples, showcasing its potential for practical applications in medical settings.
人们对设计用于选择性监测生物分子的便携式电化学传感器有着广泛的兴趣。多巴胺 (DA) 是一种神经递质分子，在监测阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等一些神经元疾病方面发挥着关键作用。因此，迫切需要设计一种基于高活性表面界面的便携式电化学传感器，以实现对生物分子（如 DA）的敏感和选择性监测，这些生物分子可以在人体等资源中找到。
所设计的传感器基于三维磷和硫类似的 g-CN 马蜂窝 (3D-PS 掺杂 CNHN)。3D-PS 掺杂 CNHN 的形态结构具有多个敞开的门和众多的空缺空隙，呈现出一种新颖的类似于马蜂窝的设计。外表面呈现出波浪状取向和粗糙表面纹理的异质结构。每个门结构呈六边形，壁尺寸约为 100nm。这些结构特征，包括高表面积和分层设计，促进了电解质的扩散，并增强了内、外表面上 DA 分子的结合和高负载。包含磷和硫原子的 g-CN 的多功能性质赋予了通用的表面，从而提高了 DA 的结合能力。此外，磷酸根和硫酸根基团的功能增强了传感性能，从而突出了选择性。所得到的便携式 3D-PS 掺杂 CNHN 传感器表现出高灵敏度，检测限低（7.8 nM），线性范围从 10 到 500 nM 宽。
基于 3D-PS 掺杂 CNHN/SPCE 的便携式 DA 传感器在人体液（如人血清和尿液样本）中对 DA 分子的出色回收率，展示了其在临床样本中检测 DA 的高稳定性和良好的重现性。所设计的便携式 DA 传感器在医学领域的实际应用中具有潜在的应用价值。
