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2023年卡赫拉曼马拉什地震双震期间由预应力非均匀性引导的超剪切破裂。

Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet.

作者信息

Chen Kejie, Wei Guoguang, Milliner Christopher, Dal Zilio Luca, Liang Cunren, Avouac Jean-Philippe

机构信息

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-Resolution Imaging Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 14;15(1):7004. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51446-y.

DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51446-y
PMID:39143089
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11325041/
Abstract

The 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquake doublet near Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, provides insight regarding how large earthquakes rupture complex faults. Here we determine the faults geometry using surface ruptures and Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and the rupture kinematics from the joint inversion of high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong-motion waveforms, and GNSS static displacement. The M7.8 event initiated on a splay fault and subsequently propagated along the main East Anatolian Fault with an average rupture velocity between 3.0 and 4.0 km/s. In contrast, the M7.5 event demonstrated a bilateral supershear rupture of about 5.0-6.0 km/s over an 80 km length. Despite varying strike and dip angles, the sub-faults involved in the mainshock are nearly optimally oriented relative to the local stress tensor. The second event ruptured a fault misaligned with respect to the regional stress, also hinting at the effect of local stress heterogeneity in addition to a possible free surface effect.

摘要

2023年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什附近发生的7.8级和7.5级双震，为大地震如何在复杂断层上破裂提供了见解。在此，我们利用地表破裂和合成孔径雷达测量确定断层几何形状，并通过高速全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）、强震波形和GNSS静态位移的联合反演确定破裂运动学。7.8级地震在一条分支断层上起始，随后沿东安纳托利亚主断层传播，平均破裂速度在3.0至4.0千米/秒之间。相比之下，7.5级地震在80千米长度上表现出约5.0 - 6.0千米/秒的双侧超剪切破裂。尽管走向和倾角不同，但主震所涉及的子断层相对于局部应力张量的方向近乎最佳。第二次地震破裂了一条与区域应力方向不一致的断层，这也暗示了除可能的自由表面效应外局部应力非均匀性的影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/0110fcd43869/41467_2024_51446_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/5100a1563e9b/41467_2024_51446_Fig1_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/44676d66e46f/41467_2024_51446_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/a0c56957d81b/41467_2024_51446_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/4e6fcf70ba89/41467_2024_51446_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/4f89bb9a6144/41467_2024_51446_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/0110fcd43869/41467_2024_51446_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/5100a1563e9b/41467_2024_51446_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/d7417dd407dc/41467_2024_51446_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/44676d66e46f/41467_2024_51446_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/a0c56957d81b/41467_2024_51446_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/4e6fcf70ba89/41467_2024_51446_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/4f89bb9a6144/41467_2024_51446_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/563c/11325041/0110fcd43869/41467_2024_51446_Fig7_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

1
Supershear triggering and cascading fault ruptures of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, earthquake doublet.2023年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什地震双震的超剪切触发和级联断层破裂。
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2
Complex multi-fault rupture and triggering during the 2023 earthquake doublet in southeastern Türkiye.2023年土耳其东南部地震双发期间的复杂多断层破裂与触发
Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 9;14(1):5564. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41404-5.
3
The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet.
2023年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什7.8 - 7.7级双震的复杂动力学
Science. 2023 Sep;381(6661):985-990. doi: 10.1126/science.adi0685. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
4
Earthquakes on dipping faults: the effects of broken symmetry.倾斜断层上的地震：对称性破缺的影响。
Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1055-9. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5366.1055.