Huang Jiaqi, Chakraborty Aishik, Tadepalli Lakshmi Suchitra, Paul Arghya
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024 Jul 24;7(8):2204-2214. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00308. eCollection 2024 Aug 9.
DNA nanostructures have been widely researched in recent years as emerging biomedical materials for drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer therapy, in addition to their hereditary function. Multiple precisely designed single-strand DNAs can be fabricated into complex, three-dimensional DNA nanostructures through a simple self-assembly process. Among all of the synthetic DNA nanostructures, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) stand out as the most promising biomedical nanomaterial. TDNs possess the merits of structural stability, cell membrane permeability, and natural biocompatibility due to their compact structures and DNA origin. In addition to their inherent advantages, TDNs were shown to have great potential in delivering therapeutic agents through multiple functional modifications. As a multifunctional material, TDNs have enabled innovative pharmaceutical applications, including antimicrobial therapy, anticancer treatment, immune modulation, and cartilage regeneration. Given the rapid development of TDNs in the biomedical field, it is critical to understand how to successfully produce and fine-tune the properties of TDNs for specific therapeutic needs and clinical translation. This article provides insights into the synthesis and functionalization of TDNs and summarizes the approaches for TDN-based therapeutics delivery as well as their broad applications in the field of pharmaceutics and nanomedicine, challenges, and future directions.
近年来，DNA纳米结构作为新兴的生物医学材料，除了其遗传功能外，还在药物递送、生物传感和癌症治疗等方面得到了广泛研究。通过简单的自组装过程，多个精确设计的单链DNA可以被制造成复杂的三维DNA纳米结构。在所有合成的DNA纳米结构中，四面体DNA纳米结构（TDNs）作为最有前途的生物医学纳米材料脱颖而出。由于其紧凑的结构和DNA来源，TDNs具有结构稳定性、细胞膜通透性和天然生物相容性等优点。除了其固有优势外，TDNs还通过多种功能修饰在递送治疗剂方面显示出巨大潜力。作为一种多功能材料，TDNs实现了创新的药物应用，包括抗菌治疗、抗癌治疗、免疫调节和软骨再生。鉴于TDNs在生物医学领域的快速发展，了解如何成功生产和微调TDNs的特性以满足特定治疗需求和临床转化至关重要。本文深入探讨了TDNs的合成和功能化，总结了基于TDNs的治疗剂递送方法及其在制药和纳米医学领域的广泛应用、挑战和未来方向。
