Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Schizophr Bull. 2018 Oct 15;44(suppl_2):S512-S524. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby030.
Schizotypy is defined as a time-stable multidimensional personality trait consisting of positive, negative, and disorganized facets. Schizotypy is considered as a model system of psychosis, as there is considerable overlap between the 2 constructs. High schizotypy is associated with subtle but fairly widespread cognitive alterations, which include poorer performance in tasks measuring cognitive control. Similar but more pronounced impairments in cognitive control have been described extensively in psychosis. We here sought to provide a quantitative estimation of the effect size of impairments in schizotypy in the updating, shifting, and inhibition dimensions of cognitive control. We included studies of healthy adults from both general population and college samples, which used either categorical or correlative designs. Negative schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.32) and updating (g = 0.11). Positive schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.18). There were no significant associations between schizotypy and inhibition. The divergence in results for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy emphasizes the importance of examining relationships between cognition and the facets of schizotypy rather than using the overall score. Our findings also underline the importance of more detailed research to further understand and define this complex personality construct, which will also be of importance when applying schizotypy as a model system for psychosis.
分裂型特质被定义为一种时间稳定的多维人格特质，由积极、消极和紊乱的方面组成。分裂型特质被认为是精神病学的模型系统，因为这两个结构之间存在相当大的重叠。高分裂型特质与微妙但相当广泛的认知改变有关，包括在衡量认知控制的任务中表现较差。在精神病学中，广泛描述了类似但更为明显的认知控制损伤。我们在这里试图对认知控制的更新、转换和抑制维度中分裂型特质损伤的效应大小进行定量估计。我们纳入了来自一般人群和大学样本的健康成年人的研究，这些研究使用了分类或相关设计。负分裂型特质与转换（g = 0.32）和更新（g = 0.11）的表现明显较差相关。正分裂型特质与转换（g = 0.18）的表现明显较差相关。分裂型特质与抑制之间没有显著关联。正性、负性和紊乱性分裂型特质的结果差异强调了检查认知与分裂型特质各方面之间关系的重要性，而不是使用总体评分。我们的发现还强调了更详细的研究的重要性，以进一步理解和定义这个复杂的人格结构，当将分裂型特质作为精神病学的模型系统时，这也将是重要的。
