Haruna Lukeman, Abano Ernest E, Teye Ernest, Tukwarlba Isaac, Yeboah Wilson, Agyei Kesse J, Lukeman Mary
Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Quality Control Company (QCC) Limited Western North Regional Office, Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana.
Int J Food Sci. 2024 Jun 10;2024:5198607. doi: 10.1155/2024/5198607. eCollection 2024.
Cocoa bean acidification, fermentation, and flavour quality are intricately shaped by pulp preconditioning and fermentation treatments. This study investigates the impact of predrying and subsequent fermentation on key parameters such as pH, titratable acidity, fermentation quality (% purity), fermentation index (FI), and overall flavour quality (global quality (GQ)) of cocoa beans. Extended predrying periods and fermentation durations demonstrated a significant enhancement in bean acidification, reflected in the rise of nib pH (6.61-7.33) and the decline in nib acidity (0.023-0.013 meg NaOH/100 g). Notably, the cut test underscored the substantial improvement in % purity, reaching 75.6-99.7% for beans predried at 2-8 hours followed by a 6-day of fermentation. FI increased significantly from 1.026 to a peak of 1.067, followed by a decline to 0.098 in the control, 6 hours, and 8 hours of predried beans, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed substantial improvement in the GQ (40.1-44.6) of beans predried at 2-8 hours and fermented for 6 days, compared to the control (38.3). In addition, a significantly higher preference was shown for cocoa liquor made from the beans predried for 4-6 hours and fermented for 6 days. Principal component analysis clustered samples according to the predrying time, fermentation duration, and quality parameters measured. Optimal conditions for enhanced nib acidification, fermentation quality, and flavour attributes were identified at 6-hour predrying and 6-day fermentation using the response surface methodology. The study highlights the potential of predrying as a pulp preconditioning technique for enhancing fermentative and final bean quality.
可可豆的酸化、发酵和风味品质受到果肉预处理和发酵处理的复杂影响。本研究调查了预干燥及随后的发酵对可可豆关键参数的影响,这些参数包括pH值、可滴定酸度、发酵品质(纯度百分比)、发酵指数(FI)和整体风味品质(综合品质(GQ))。延长预干燥时间和发酵持续时间显示出可可豆酸化显著增强,表现为可可豆仁pH值升高(6.61 - 7.33)以及可可豆仁酸度下降(0.023 - 0.013毫克氢氧化钠/100克)。值得注意的是,切割试验强调了纯度百分比的显著提高,预干燥2 - 8小时后再进行6天发酵的可可豆,其纯度达到75.6 - 99.7%。FI分别从1.026显著增加到峰值1.067,随后在对照、预干燥6小时和8小时的可可豆中分别降至0.098。感官评价显示,与对照(38.3)相比,预干燥2 - 8小时并发酵6天的可可豆的GQ(40.1 - 44.6)有显著改善。此外,对于由预干燥4 - 6小时并发酵6天的可可豆制成的可可液,人们表现出明显更高的偏好。主成分分析根据预干燥时间、发酵持续时间和所测量的品质参数对样品进行聚类。使用响应面法确定了在6小时预干燥和6天发酵条件下,可可豆仁酸化、发酵品质和风味属性增强的最佳条件。该研究突出了预干燥作为一种果肉预处理技术在提高发酵和最终可可豆品质方面的潜力。