Mitchell Melanie
Melanie Mitchell is a professor at the Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
Science. 2024 Aug 16;385(6710):eadq9356. doi: 10.1126/science.adq9356. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
"Can machines think?" So asked Alan Turing in his 1950 paper, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence." Turing quickly noted that, given the difficulty of defining , the question is "too meaningless to deserve discussion." As is often done in philosophical debates, he proposed replacing it with a different question. Turing imagined an "imitation game," in which a human judge converses with both a computer and a human (a "foil"), each of which vies to convince the judge that they are the human. Importantly, the computer, foil, and judge do not see one another; they communicate entirely through text. After conversing with each candidate, the judge guesses which one is the real human. Turing's new question was, "Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?"
“机器能思考吗？”艾伦·图灵在他1950年的论文《计算机器与智能》中如是问道。图灵很快指出，鉴于定义的困难，这个问题“毫无意义，不值得讨论”。正如在哲学辩论中经常做的那样，他提议用一个不同的问题来取代它。图灵设想了一个“模仿游戏”，在这个游戏中，一名人类裁判与一台计算机和一个人（“陪衬者”）进行对话，二者都试图让裁判相信自己是人类。重要的是，计算机、陪衬者和裁判彼此看不见；他们完全通过文本进行交流。在与每位候选者交谈后，裁判猜测哪一个是真正的人类。图灵的新问题是：“是否存在可以想象的数字计算机，它们在模仿游戏中能表现出色？”
