Division of Nursing, Faculty of Humancare, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2024 Oct;21(4):e12617. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12617. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
This study aimed to investigate the relationships among factors affecting compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in Japanese nurses, focusing on self-compassion, fears of compassion, and attachment styles.
This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 400 clinical nurses (aged ≥20 years) in Japan, registered with an online survey company, from June 6 to June 26, 2021. The subjects completed a web-based questionnaire that assessed compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, self-compassion, fears of compassion for self, anxiety, and avoidance. Additionally, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were performed to examine the relationships among the influencing factors.
Compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress was influenced by anxiety and fears of compassion for self (R = .31). Burnout was affected by compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, self-compassion, anxiety, and avoidance (R = .63). Compassion satisfaction was impacted by self-compassion, anxiety, and fears of compassion for self (R = .31). Additionally, self-compassion (R = .28) and fears of compassion for self (R = .55) were influenced by anxiety and avoidance.
Compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress leads to burnout, whereas compassion satisfaction moderates burnout. Furthermore, there were associations among the factors leading to compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and burnout and compassion satisfaction. Therefore, an approach that enhances self-compassion and promotes the development of a stable attachment style could mitigate compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and fears of compassion for self while moderately maintaining and improving compassion satisfaction.
本研究旨在探讨影响日本护士共情疲劳/二次创伤压力、倦怠和共情满足感的因素之间的关系，重点关注自我同情、对共情的恐惧和依恋风格。
本横断面观察性研究于 2021 年 6 月 6 日至 6 月 26 日，通过在线调查公司招募了 400 名日本临床护士（年龄≥20 岁）。受试者完成了一份基于网络的问卷，评估了共情疲劳/二次创伤压力、倦怠、共情满足感、自我同情、对自我的共情恐惧、焦虑和回避。此外，还进行了描述性统计分析、相关分析、多元回归分析和路径分析，以检验影响因素之间的关系。
共情疲劳/二次创伤压力受焦虑和对自我的共情恐惧影响（R=0.31）。倦怠受共情疲劳/二次创伤压力、共情满足感、自我同情、焦虑和回避影响（R=0.63）。共情满足感受自我同情、焦虑和对自我的共情恐惧影响（R=0.31）。此外，焦虑和回避还影响了自我同情（R=0.28）和对自我的共情恐惧（R=0.55）。
共情疲劳/二次创伤压力导致倦怠，而共情满足感调节倦怠。此外，导致共情疲劳/二次创伤压力和倦怠以及共情满足感的因素之间存在关联。因此，增强自我同情并促进稳定依恋风格发展的方法可以减轻共情疲劳/二次创伤压力和对共情的恐惧，同时适度维持和提高共情满足感。
