Browning Christopher R, Pinchak Nicolo P, Calder Catherine A, Boettner Bethany
Department of Sociology & Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Centre for Social Investigation, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Annu Rev Sociol. 2024 Aug;50:41-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-091523-013249. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
Experience sampling (ES) - also referred to as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) - is a data collection method that involves asking study participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, activities, and environments in (or near) real time. ES/EMA is typically administered using an intensive longitudinal design (repeated assessments within and across days). Although use of ES/EMA is widespread in psychology and health sciences, uptake of the method among sociologists has been limited. We argue that ES/EMA offers key advantages for the investigation of sociologically relevant phenomena, particularly in light of recent disciplinary emphasis on investigating the everyday mechanisms through which social structures and micro (individual and relational) processes are mutually constitutive. We describe extant and potential research applications illustrating advantages of ES/EMA regarding enhanced validity, disentangling short-term dynamics, and the potential for linkage with spatially and temporally referenced data sources. We also consider methodological challenges facing sociological research using ES/EMA.
经验抽样法（ES）——也被称为生态瞬时评估法（EMA）——是一种数据收集方法，它要求研究参与者实时（或接近实时）报告他们的想法、感受、行为、活动及所处环境。经验抽样法/生态瞬时评估法通常采用密集纵向设计（在一天内及多天内重复评估）。尽管经验抽样法/生态瞬时评估法在心理学和健康科学领域应用广泛，但社会学家对该方法的采用却很有限。我们认为，经验抽样法/生态瞬时评估法为调查社会学相关现象提供了关键优势，尤其是鉴于近期学科强调调查社会结构与微观（个体及关系）过程相互构成的日常机制。我们描述了现有和潜在的研究应用，以说明经验抽样法/生态瞬时评估法在提高效度、理清短期动态以及与时空参照数据源建立联系的潜力方面的优势。我们还考虑了使用经验抽样法/生态瞬时评估法的社会学研究面临的方法学挑战。
