Wang Rong, Liu Yuanbo, Zhu Liping, Bafitlhile Thabo Michael, Wang Ruonan, Liu Yongwei
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175465. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
Lakes are known as sentinels of climate change, but their responses may differ from one to another leading to different strategies in lake protection. It is particularly the case in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) of multiple hydrological processes. We employed the Budyko framework to study Tibetan lakes from two lake-basins of contrasting climates for the period between 1980 and 2022: Taro Co Basin (TCB) in a sub-arid climate, and Ranwu Lake Basin (RLB) in a sub-humid climate. Our results showed that total lake area, surface air temperature, evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration increased in both lake-basins, while precipitation and soil moisture increased in the TCB but decreased in the RLB. In the Budyko space, two basins had contrast hydroclimatic trajectories in terms of aridity and evaporative index. The TCB shifted from wetting to drying trend, while the RLB from drying to wetting in early 2000s. Notably, lake change was generally consistent with the drying/wetting phases in the TCB, but in contrast with that in the RLB, which can be attributed to warming-induced glacier melting. Despite of significant correlation with the large-scale atmospheric oscillations, it turned to be more plausible if lake area changes were substituted with basin's hydroclimatic trajectories. Among the large-scale oscillations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant control of lake trends and their drying/wetting shifts. Our findings offer a valuable insight into lake responses to climate change in the TP and other regions.
湖泊被视为气候变化的哨兵，但其响应可能因湖而异，从而导致湖泊保护策略各异。在具有多种水文过程的青藏高原尤其如此。我们运用布迪科框架，研究了1980年至2022年期间来自两个气候迥异的湖盆的西藏湖泊：处于亚干旱气候的塔若错湖盆（TCB）和处于亚湿润气候的然乌湖盆（RLB）。我们的结果表明，两个湖盆的湖泊总面积、地表气温、蒸散量和潜在蒸散量均增加，而TCB的降水量和土壤湿度增加，RLB的降水量和土壤湿度减少。在布迪科空间中，两个湖盆在干旱指数和蒸发指数方面具有相反的水文气候轨迹。TCB从湿润趋势转变为干燥趋势，而RLB在21世纪初从干燥趋势转变为湿润趋势。值得注意的是，湖泊变化在TCB中总体上与干湿阶段一致，但在RLB中则相反，这可归因于变暖导致的冰川融化。尽管与大规模大气振荡存在显著相关性，但如果用湖盆的水文气候轨迹替代湖泊面积变化，似乎更合理。在大规模振荡中，厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动（ENSO）是湖泊趋势及其干湿转变的最主要控制因素。我们的研究结果为青藏高原及其他地区湖泊对气候变化的响应提供了有价值的见解。
